interface MyMark {}

class MarkedClazz implements MyMark {}
class NonMarkedClazz {}

class Test {
  public static void test(MyMark markedObject) {
     // do somthing.
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
     MarkedClazz marked = new MarkedClazz();
     NonMarkedClazz nonMarked = new NonMarkedClazz();
     test(marked);
     //test(nonMarked); // Ошибка компиляции.
  }
}

@Target(value = ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyAnnotation {}

@MyAnnotation
class Parent implements MyMark {}
class Heir extends Parent {}
class Test {
  public static void test(MyMark markedObject) {
    // do somthing.
  }

  public static void testAnno(Object object) {
      if(!object.getClass().isAnnotationPresent(MyAnnotation.class)) {
         throw new RuntimeException("object is not annotated by MyAnnotation")
      }
      // do something
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Parent parent = new Parent();
    Heir heir = new Heir();
    test(parent);
    test(heir); // ошибок нет
    testAnno(parent);
    testAnno(heir); // ошибка времени исполнения.
  }
}