def dicl(a):
    d = {}
    for i in a:
        if i in d:
            d[i] += 1
        else:
            d[i] = 1
    return d

def dicp(a):
    p = a.split(' ')
    d = {}
    for i in p:
        if i in d:
            d[i] += 1
        else:
            d[i] = 1
    return d

def dic2t2(a):
    d = {}
    for i in range(len(a)- 1):
        x = a[i:i+2]
        if x in d:
            d[x] += 1
        else:
            d[x] = 1
    return d

def ditupla(a):
    p = a.split(' ')
    d = {}
    for i in range(len(p)-1):
        x = tuple(p[i:i+2])
        if x in d:
            d[x] += 1
        else:
            d[x] = 1
    return d





def didic(a,b):
    d = {}
    for i in a:
        if i[0] == b:
            d[i] = a[i]
    return d