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Thermal Equilibrium What happens if the water remains in the refrigerator for several hours? The temperature of the water, the bottle, and the air in the refrigerator become the same. When the temperatures of materials that are in contact are the same, the materials are said to be in thermal equilibrium. After the materials reach thermal equilibrium, the particles that make up the water, the bottle, and the air continue to collide with each other. The particles transfer kinetic energy back and forth, but the average kinețic energy of all the particles remains the same.