import hashlib
from string import printable
from time import time
import itertools
from array import array

ENCODING = "ascii" # utf-8 for unicode support

class CharSet():
  def __init__(self, chars):
    chars = to_bytes(chars)
    self.chars = set(chars)
    self.first = chars[0]
    self.last = chars[-1]
    self.next = array("B", [0] * 256)
    for char, next_char in zip(chars, chars[1:]):
      self.next[char] = next_char

  def update_chars(self, new_chars):
    new_chars = to_bytes(new_chars)
    new_chars = set(new_chars) - self.chars
    if new_chars: # if theres anything new
      self.chars |= new_chars
      new_chars = list(new_chars)
      self.next[self.last] = new_chars[0]
      self.last = new_chars[-1]
      for char, next_char in zip(new_chars, new_chars[1:]):
        self.next[char] = next_char

  def get_advance(self, arr, hash_):
    first = self.first
    last = self.last
    next_ = self.next
    def advance():
      for ind, byte in enumerate(arr):
        if byte == last:
          arr[ind] = first
        else:
          arr[ind] = next_[byte]
          return hash_(arr)

      arr.append(first)
      return hash_(arr)

    return advance

class PasswordCracker():
  def __init__(self, hash_, chars=None):
    self.hash = hash_
    if chars is None:
      chars = printable
    self.char_set = CharSet(chars)

  def update_chars(self, string):
    self.char_set.update_chars(string)

  def crack(self, hashed):
    arr = bytearray()
    advance = self.char_set.get_advance(arr, self.hash)
    for _ in iter(advance, hashed):
      pass
    return arr

def to_bytes(string):
  if isinstance(string, str):
    return bytearray(string, ENCODING)
  elif isinstance(string, (bytes, bytearray)):
    return string
  else:
    raise TypeError(f"Cannot convert {string} to bytes")

def get_hasher(hash_):
  def hasher(bytes):
    return hash_(bytes).digest()

  return hasher

md5 = get_hasher(hashlib.md5)

cracker = PasswordCracker(md5)

password = input("Enter password: ")

cracker.update_chars(password)
password = md5(to_bytes(password))

start = time()
cracked = cracker.crack(password)
end = time()
print(f"Password cracked: {cracked.decode(ENCODING)}")
print(f"Time: {end - start} seconds.")