Proof God exists and atheists are idiots

First half is arguments for God's existence. Second half is refutations of atheist arguments.

First, I'm not your dictionary:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_charity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_fallacy

1. If God doesn't exists, nothing actually, objectively matters.
2. Things actually, objectively matter.
3. Therefore, God exists. (modus tollens from 1)

1. If God were not to exist, the only thing that could create consciousness would be some interaction between any or all of the four fundamental forces of the universe.
2. To assume the brain is evidence that this happens is a fallacy of the single cause, i.e. it is to assume fallaciously that because the brain causes consciousness, it is sufficient for consciousness.
3. There is no evidence, empirical, mathematical, or otherwise, that any interaction between any of the four fundamental forces of the universe could possibly create consciousness.
4. Therefore, to believe consciousness is only a product of the universe, is irrational.

1. Subjective morality has no bearing on objective morality, including and up to ideas like "Whatever is most advantegeous for the survival of the species is what is objectively moral," as such an idea is itself only subjective.
2. If God does not exist, objective moral values and duties do not exist.
3. Objective moral values and duties do exist.
4. Therefore, God exists.

1. Belief in some conception of God — that Being to whom reverence and worship are properly due — is common to almost all people of every era.
2. Either the vast majority of people have been wrong about this most profound element of their lives or they have not.
3. If our only reason for doubting is that people have understood materialistic causes for materialistic things — which is necessarily irrelevant to the immaterial — then it is most plausible to believe that these people have not been wrong.
4. Therefore it is most plausible to believe that God exists.

1. Objects have properties to greater or lesser extents.
2. If an object has a property to a lesser extent, then there exists some other object that has the property to the maximum possible degree.
3. So there is an entity that has all properties to the maximum possible degree.
4. Hence God exists.

1. Every natural, innate desire in us corresponds to some real object that can satisfy that desire.
2. But there exists in us a desire which nothing in time, nothing on earth, nor creature can satisfy.
3. Therefore, there must exist something more than time, earth and creatures, which can satisfy this desire.
4. This something is what people call "God" and "life with God forever."

1. Our limited minds can discover eternal truths about being.
2. Truth properly resides in a mind.
3. But the human mind is not eternal.
4. Therefore there must exist an eternal mind in which these truths reside.

1. Good things exist.
2. The cause of this goodness is either one or many.
3. But it can’t be many, for then there would be no way to compare their goodness, for each would define its goodness. But some things are better than others.
4. Therefore, one Supreme Good (God) causes the goodness in all things.

1. If God doesn't exists, nothing actually, objectively matters or has meaning.
2. If nothing actually, objectively matters or has meaning, neither does the proposition "Nothing actually, objectively matters or has meaning."
3. Therefore, the proposition is self-refuting.
4. Therefore, things actually, objectively matter and have meaning.
5. Therefore, God exists. (modus tollens from 1)

1. If something exists, there must exist what it takes for that thing to exist.
2. The universe — the collection of beings in space and time — exists.
3. Therefore, there must exist what it takes for the universe to exist.
4. What it takes for the universe to exist cannot exist within the universe or be bounded by space and time.
5. Therefore, what it takes for the universe to exist must transcend both space and time.

1. Human beings have a natural, innate desire for God, as implicated by history.
2. Natural selection only selects for advantageous traits.
3. To desire something that doesn't exist would be disadvantageous.
4. Therefore, to desire something that doesn't exist wouldn't have evolved.
5. Therefore, what humans naturally, innately desire, exists.
6. Therefore, God exists.

1. Our senses reveal to us an order of efficient causes in the world.
2. Nothing can be the efficient cause of itself because then it would have to exist prior to itself, which is impossible.
3. In a series of efficient causes, each member of the series is the cause of the next.
4. Because of this, if there is no first cause in the series, there will be no series at all.
5. The series of efficient causes cannot extend infinitely into the past, for then there would be no first cause and therefore no series.
6. Therefore it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God.

1. An infinite number of moments cannot be traversed.
2. If an infinite number of moments had to elapse before today, then today would never have come.
3. But today has come.
4. Therefore, an infinite number of moments have not elapsed before today (i.e., the universe had a beginning).
5. But whatever has a beginning is caused by something else.
6. Hence, there must be a Cause (Creator) of the universe.

1. If the multiverse doesn't exist, there is sufficient scientific reason to believe life is impossible.
2. Stephen Hawking and many other science cucks are advocates for the existence of the multiverse for this reason.
3. If there is an infinite number of universes with random properties, which the multiverse entails, all possibilities exist.
4. If all possibilities exist, God exists.
5. If God exists in any universe, being God, He necessarily exists in all universes.
6. If scientists like Steven Hawking are right about the existence of the multiverse, then, ironically, God exists.

1. Truth exists.
2. Truth is immutable.
3. Truth is eternal.
4. Truth is mental.
5. Truth is superior to the human mind.
6. Truth is God.

1. Logical absolutes exist.
2. Logical absolutes are conceptual by nature--are not dependent on space, time, physical properties, or human nature.
3. They are not the product of the physical universe (space, time, matter) because if the physical universe were to disappear, logical absolutes would still be true.
4. Logical Absolutes are not the product of human minds because human minds are different--not absolute.
5. But, since logical absolutes are always true everywhere and not dependent upon human minds, it must be an absolute transcendent mind that is authoring them.
6. This mind is called God.
7. Furthermore, if there are only two options to account for something, i.e., God and no God, and one of them is negated, then by default the other position is validated.
8. Therefore, the atheist position cannot account for the existence of logical absolutes from its worldview.

1. We have ideas of many things.
2. These ideas must arise either from ourselves or from things outside us.
3. One of the ideas we have is the idea of God — an infinite, all-perfect being.
4. This idea could not have been caused by ourselves, because we know ourselves to be limited and imperfect, and, because causes necessarily assume the greatness of their effects, no effect can be greater than its cause.
5. Therefore, the idea must have been caused by something outside us which has nothing less than the qualities contained in the idea of God.
6. But only God himself has those qualities.
7. Therefore God himself must be the cause of the idea we have of him.
8. Therefore God exists.

1. All physical things have a logical cause.
2. An infinite regress of logical causes is impossible, as any such infinite regress would itself beg a logical cause.
3. Therefore there is an uncaused first cause.
4. The only possible cause that isn't itself caused is will.
5. Therefore, such a cause necessarily has agency.
6. To have caused the universe and life, it is necessarily omnipotent.
7. Omnipotence implies omniscience.
8. To have caused the universe and life and to be omniscient, it is necessarily omnibenevolent.
9. Evil is only an absence of good.
10. Therefore, omnipotence implies omnibenevolence.
11. Therefore, the uncaused first cause is God.
12. Therefore, God exists.

1. We notice around us things that come into being and go out of being. A tree, for example, grows from a tiny shoot, flowers brilliantly, then withers and dies.
2. Whatever comes into being or goes out of being does not have to be; non-being is a real possibility.
3. Suppose that nothing has to be; that is, that non-being is a real possibility for everything.
4. Then right now nothing would exist. For
5. If the universe began to exist, then all being must trace its origin to some past moment before which there existed — literally — nothing at all. But
6. From nothing nothing comes. So
7. The universe could not have begun.
8. But suppose the universe never began. Then, for the infinitely long duration of cosmic history, all being had the built-in possibility not to be. But
9. If in an infinite time that possibility was never realized, then it could not have been a real possibility at all. So
10. There must exist something which has to exist, which cannot not exist. This sort of being is called necessary.
11. Either this necessity belongs to the thing in itself or it is derived from another. If derived from another there must ultimately exist a being whose necessity is not derived, that is, an absolutely necessary being.
12. This absolutely necessary being is God.

1. Only the mind gives descriptions of the world meaning.
2. Emergent properties are descriptions of the world, i.e. in defining emergent properties, we are describing the world.
3. Therefore, only the mind gives emergent properties meaning.
4. Descriptions of the world that only the mind gives meaning don't objectively exist.
5. Therefore, emergent properties don't objectively exist. (from 2, 3, and 4)
6. Therefore, matter is never objectively more than its parts, and matter cannot produce consciousness, i.e. an electron, or any number of electrons, passing between any number of points, in any permutation, through any combination or permutation of mediums, cannot produce consciousness.
7. Therefore, our consciousness can only be a consequence of consciousness.
8. The age of the earth is limited.
9. Therefore, there is a consciousness that precedes consciousness on earth.
10. What precedes that consciousness?:
10a. It's possible an infinite consciousness could "precede" itself.
10b. An omnipotent, aspacial, atemporal being would not necessitate a logical cause, and therefore would not necessitate a precedent consciousness.
10c. Irrelevant. It can't be inferred from the necessity of a consciousness that there is no consciousness.

1. The fine-tuning of the fundamental physical constants of the universe is due to either physical necessity, chance, or design.
2. Proponents of the anthropic principle assume that because observations of the universe must be compatible with the conscious and sapient life that observes it, it is unremarkable that this universe has fundamental constants that happen to fall within the narrow range thought to be compatible with life, which is a modal scope fallacy, i.e. it equivocates the necessity of the universe if conscious and sapient life that observes it exists, with modal necessity, i.e. it confuses "necessary if" and "necessary."
3. All physical things have a logical cause.
4. All logically-caused things are contingent, i.e. it is possible for them not to be caused.
5. Therefore, all physical things are contingent.
6. The fundamental physical constants are a physical thing.
7. Therefore, the fundamental physical constants are contingent.
8. Therefore, the fine-tuning of the universe is not due to physical necessity, and the universe, as it is, is not the only possible world.
9. There is an infinite number of possible worlds in which the fine-tuning of the universe and all its antecedents do not exist or are in an infinite number of different states.
10. Therefore, the probability of a possible world in which the fundamental constants exist and fall within the narrow range thought to be compatible with life is ℵ_0/ℵ_0^2 (tends to 0).
11. Therefore, the probability that the fine-tuning of the universe is due to chance is ℵ_0/ℵ_0^2.
12. n/n^2=1/n
13. Therefore, the probability that the fine-tuning of the universe is not due to chance is (ℵ_0 - 1)/ℵ_0 (tends to 1).
14. Therefore, it is due to design.

Pascal's Wager: Humans bet with their lives that God either exists or does not. A rational person should live as though God exists and seek to believe in God. If God does actually exist, such a person will have only a finite loss, whereas they stand to receive infinite gains and avoid infinite losses.

It is true that Pascal's Wager, in appealing to agnostics and atheists, incorrectly presupposes the Christian God. However, it is fallacious to suppose religion has any bearing on the probability of consequences after death. The probability has nothing to do with the number of religions or what anyone believes -- that would be a masked-man fallacy.
From an agnostic's or an atheist's perspective, with no evidence either way nor cognitive bias, the bayesian probability of a god's existence is 50%, 25% that it cares what you do, and 12.5% that there are unpleasant consequences for not doing its will. These probabilities can be changed by adding or subtracting properties to what is meant by "god." Whether or not the consequences are a spectrum between pleasant and unpleasant, or only infinitely pleasant and infinitely unpleasant, depends on this definition too. However, it is necessarily possible that the infinitely unpleasant consequence for doing any number of things is real, and infinity divided by any probability is infinity, therefore, a rational person should indeed seek to know God's will.

Refutation of every atheist 'argument' I could find:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheist%27s_Wager
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_God_Challenge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate_of_the_unlearned
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_free_will
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_the_gaps
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitchens%27s_razor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompatible-properties_argument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_inconsistent_revelations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_nonbelief
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnipotence_paradox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_poor_design
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_Boeing_747_gambit

Richard Dawkins:

>1. One of the greatest challenges to the human intellect has been to explain how the complex, improbable appearance of design in the universe arises.
>i am very smart
>2. The natural temptation is to attribute the appearance of design to actual design itself.
>you are stupid
>3. The temptation is a false one because the designer hypothesis immediately raises the larger problem of who designed the designer.
Fallacy fallacy. The implication of question begging doesn't imply anything is false. It can't be inferred from the necessity of a designer that there is no designer.
>4. The most ingenious and powerful explanation is Darwinian evolution by natural selection.
False dichotomy red herring. The truth value of Darwinian evolution is irrelevant to God's existence. (Interesting quote: "I am quite conscious that my speculations run quite beyond the bounds of true science." - Charles Darwin)
>5. We don’t have an equivalent explanation for physics.
lolwut irrelevant
>6. We should 'not give up'(appeal to emotion) the hope(appeal to emotion) of a 'better explanation'(ad hominem) arising in physics(false attribution, appeal to authority), something as powerful(appeal to emotion) as Darwinism(association fallacy) is for biology.
The appeals to emotion are implying not to give up the hope that God doesn't exist, and that science is powerful -- a sufficient replacement. The ad hominem is implying God isn't a sufficient explanation. The false attribution is to physics, which doesn't necessarily agree. The appeal to authority is to himself, which is a fallacy when used to imply a truth claim, e.g. 'It is true that [conclusion].' The association fallacy is implying that because physics and biology are both sciences, and because Darwinism is a "powerful" better explanation for biology, so too will a "powerful" better explanation arise in physics, which is a non sequitur.
>7. Therefore, God almost certainly does not exist.
This does not follow from the "premises."

Christopher Hitchens:

>We calculate that the human species Homo sapiens have been around now, Carl Sagan thought perhaps 200,000 years, I would say 100,000. In order to believe the Christian message, you have to believe this. For those 100,000 years, people were born, died – usually, many of them, in childbirth, life expectancy perhaps 20 years, 25. Earthquakes would have been terrifying. Tsunamis, volcanoes, mysterious events. War, famine. That was our life for tens of thousands of years. On and on it went. Now here is what you have to believe. You have to believe that heaven watched that for 98,000 years and after 98,000 years decided it may be time to intervene. And the best way of doing that would be to have a filthy human sacrifice in a very remote part of Palestine. And the news of this has still not penetrated to the rest of the world, and I don’t think will be believed when it does, and isn’t believed by me, and can’t be believed by thinking persons. Thank you.

Israel, from where Christianity originated, being inbetween Africa, Asia, and Europe, was ideally situated for the Gospel eventually to go out from there and to fill every corner of the globe.

The number of people who have ever been born is approximately 105 billion. Of this number, due to exponential growth, about 2 percent were born in the 100,000 years before Christ came to earth. The amount of time that passed for that first 2 percent is irrelevant. It is possible this time was necessary for the development of the knowledge and events necessary for the calling of Abraham out of modern day Iraq and into the land of Israel, the Roman peace, the system of Roman roads, the Greek language which was prevalent throughout the area, etc. necessary for the calling forth of Jesus. If He'd come earlier in human history, there is no reason to believe the records of His relationship with man would be as reliable as they are now, nor that it would have been profitable for God or mankind.

Atheist's Wager:

>One version of the Atheist's Wager suggests that since a kind and loving god would reward good deeds – and that if no gods exist, good deeds would still leave a positive legacy – one should live a good life without religion.
>God -> reward
>~God -> reward
>Therefore, reward, and stay away from religion
This is just a hilarious non sequitur.
>Another formulation suggests that a god may reward honest disbelief, a reward which would then be jeopardized by a dishonest belief in the divine.
Wtf is dishonest belief?

Link to explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheist's_Wager#Explanation

The argument presupposes atheists are equally as likely to do good as theists, which implies they are equally likely to know what is good, and to want to do good, as theists, which implies they are as much or more likely to know what is good than God, which implies God, by definition of omniscience, doesn't exist, which implies atheism is rational -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question. If not all versions of Pascal's Wager are unsound, which is unknowable, then without knowledge of a sound Atheist's Wager (this not being one of them), as Pascal posits: Humans bet with their lives that God either exists or does not.

Alas, Michael Martin, the 'philosopher' who popularised the Atheist's Wager, and typical of atheists who don't understand what they don't believe, missed the whole point: All fall short of the glory of God. Apparently, God cares more about humble acceptance of truth, i.e. acceptance of the sacrifice and resurrection of Jesus Christ, than prideful insistence that our fee fees dictate what is good or not.

Evil God Challenge:

>The Evil God Challenge is a thought experiment. The challenge is to explain why an all-good god should be more likely than an all-evil god. Those who advance this challenge assert that, unless there is a satisfactory answer to the challenge, there is no reason to accept God is good or can provide moral guidance.

The argument presupposes evil is based on our fee fees, which implies either God doesn't exist or He doesn't have the right to make evil not based on our fee fees, which implies God, by definition of omnipotence, doesn't exist, which implies there is no reason to accept God is good or can provide moral guidance -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question.

Good and evil are whatever God says they are. Good and evil relative to us are only what He wants us to do and not to do. If God had said "I am evil, this is evil and this is good; only do the evil things," it would be equivalent to saying "I am good, this is good and this is evil; only do the good things." Therefore, an evil god implies a god that wants what he doesn't want, which is self-contradictory. Therefore, the argument is self-refuting.

Even if it were argued that omnipotence implies the ability to perform the logically absurd, it wouldn't imply a god whose existence is logically absurd could exist. Omnipotence therefore existence therefore omnipotence, ad infinitum, is circular reasoning and invalid.

Fate of the unlearned:

>The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it. The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.
>It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever. Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin. As some suggest that rigid readings of religious texts require harsh punishment for those who have never heard of that religion, it is sometimes raised as an argument against the existence of God, and is generally accepted to be an extension or sub-section of the problem of evil.

The argument presupposes God couldn't have so ordered the world that those who never hear the Gospel are only people who would not have believed it and anyone who would have believed it is born at a time and place in history where he does hear it, which implies God, by definition of omnipotence, doesn't exist, which implies God isn't omnibenevolent -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question.

We are not condemned based on rejection of the gospel; we are condemned because we are sinners. God's wrath is revealed against everyone who suppresses His truth revealed through creation. God is merciful in that He has provided a way of salvation via Christ for those who will accept Him. But God is also just in that unrepentance will not go unnoticed.

Argument from free will:

>The argument from free will, also called the paradox of free will or theological fatalism, contends that omniscience and free will are incompatible and that any conception of God that incorporates both properties is therefore inherently contradictory. These arguments are deeply concerned with the implications of predestination.

The argument supposes a definition of "free will" that is incompatible with omniscience, which implies such a definition is metaphysically possibly true, which implies God doesn't exist -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question.

The argument supposes a definition of "free will" that is incompatible with determinism, which implies materialism, which implies God doesn't exist -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question.

A definition of "free will" that is incompatible with omniscience or determinism is not necessarily true, e.g. Christians, whose conceptions of God and free will are allegedly inherently contradictory, don't define free will as the ability to make choices independent of God's knowledge or cause nor as achievable only by breaking the physical laws of the universe. Free will is only epistemic, i.e. it is contingent only on our knowledge. Therefore, it is not subject to atheistic definition.

God of the gaps:

>"God of the gaps" is a term used to describe observations of theological perspectives in which gaps in scientific knowledge are taken to be evidence or proof of God's existence. The term was invented by Christian theologians not to discredit theism but rather to point out the fallacy of relying on teleological arguments for God's existence. Some use the phrase as a criticism of theological positions, to mean that God is used as a spurious explanation for anything not currently explained by science.

God of the gaps is a straw man. Arguments like teleological arguments for God's existence aren't taking 'gaps' in scientific knowledge to be evidence or proof of God's existence; they are inferring to God as the best explanation over materialism. To take a lack of evidence that God is not the cause, as evidence that He is the cause, would be an argument from ignorance. Ironically, those who cite 'God of the gaps' commit this very fallacy: that if there is no evidence that God is the cause, then He isn't the cause -- assuming a materialistic explanation is by default true, even if undiscovered, until proven otherwise. It is assumed a materialistic explanation is sufficient and thus that there are no other jointly sufficient causes, which is a fallacy of the single cause. This is assumed because of a faulty induction, i.e. materialistic cause is all they've ever seen, and all science is able to study, thus, excluding other reasons, it is all they are willing to accept.

Hitchens's razor:

>Hitchens's razor is an epistemological razor asserting that the burden of proof regarding the truthfulness of a claim lies with the one who makes the claim; if this burden is not met, the claim is unfounded and its opponents need not argue further in order to dismiss it. It is named, echoing Occam's razor, for the journalist and writer Christopher Hitchens, who, in a 2003 Slate article, formulated it thus: "What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence." The dictum also appears in God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, a book by Hitchens published in 2007.
>Hitchens's razor is actually an English translation of the Latin proverb "Quod gratis asseritur, gratis negatur" ("what is freely asserted is freely dismissed"), which was commonly used in the 19th century.

This is true, however it can be fallaciously taken to mean, as may have been Hitchens' intention, "What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed as false without evidence." Those who interpret the statement as such, commit an argument from ignorance -- absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.

Incompatible-properties argument, Evil vs. good and omnipotence:

>The problem of evil is the argument that the existence of evil is incompatible with the concept of an omnipotent and perfectly good God.
>A variation does not depend on the existence of evil. A truly omnipotent God could create all possible worlds. A "good" God can create only "good" worlds. A God that created all possible worlds would have no moral qualities whatsoever, and could be replaced by a random generator. The standard response is to argue a distinction between "could create" and "would create." In other words, God "could" create all possible worlds but that is simply not in God's nature. This has been argued by theologians for centuries. However, the result is that a "good" God is incompatible with some possible worlds, thus incapable of creating them without losing the property of being a totally different God. Yet, it is not necessary for God to be "good". He simply is good, but is capable of evil.

If God creating some possible worlds is logically absurd due to His properties, and "omnipotence" doesn't imply the ability to perform the logically absurd, then God could not create those worlds, and yet remain omnipotent and omnibenevolent. If "omnipotence" does imply the ability to perform the logically absurd, then God could create those worlds, and yet remain omnipotent and omnibenevolent (Would He? No, He's omnibenevolent). The contention "But that's logically absurd," is invalid if the ability to perform the logically absurd is implied by "omnipotence." Therefore, His properties remain compatible.

Purpose vs. timelessness:

>One argument based on incompatible properties rests on a definition of God that includes a will, plan or purpose and an existence outside of time. To say that a being possesses a purpose implies an inclination or tendency to steer events toward some state that does not yet exist. This, in turn, implies a privileged direction, which we may call "time". It may be one direction of causality, the direction of increasing entropy, or some other emergent property of a world. These are not identical, but one must exist in order to progress toward a goal.
Presupposes purpose is only a steering of implicitly pre-existent events, which implies God isn't omnipotent, which implies God doesn't exist -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question.
>In general, God's time would not be related to our time.
Presupposes God has a time, which implies it's fixed, which implies it can't be changed or that God necessarily has it, which implies God isn't omnipotent... therefore, the argument begs the question.
>Thus God's time must be aligned with our time if human activities are relevant to God's purpose.
Presupposes God can't change his "time" or enter any time He wants at any time, which implies God isn't omnipotent... therefore, the argument begs the question.
>A God existing outside of any sort of time could not create anything because creation substitutes one thing for another, or for nothing.
Presupposes things must be pre-existent; God could not "substitute" outside of time; and true creation isn't possible, which implies God isn't omnipotent... therefore, the argument begs the question.
>Creation requires a creator that existed, by definition, prior to the thing created.
Supposes God can't have existed prior to things created based on unsound premises, and presupposes things have already existed, which implies God didn't create things... therefore, the argument begs the question.

Incompatible-properties argument, Simplicity vs. omniscience:

>Another pair is divine simplicity and omniscience. An omniscient God must necessarily encompass all information in the universe. Information is not "ineffable" and cannot be reduced to something simpler.

Divine simplicity only means God is without parts -- that He is His attributes. If the information God "encompasses" is an attribute of His, its "complexity" is irrelevant. If the information God "encompasses" is not an attribute of His, its "complexity" is irrelevant. Neither contradict the definition of divine simplicity.

Argument from inconsistent revelations:

>The argument from inconsistent revelations, also known as the avoiding the wrong hell problem, is an argument against the existence of God. It asserts that it is unlikely that God exists because many theologians and faithful adherents have produced conflicting and mutually exclusive revelations.

This is just as likely if God exists. Many theologians and faithful adherents have produced revelations of a great deceiver, whom produces revelations. Therefore, it is as likely the great deceiver exists as it is unlikely God exists. The likelihood the great deceiver exists is equivalent to the likelihood God exists. Therefore, it is as likely God exists as it is unlikely God exists.

>The argument states that since a person not privy to revelation must either accept it or reject it based solely upon the authority of its proponent, and there is no way for a mere mortal to resolve these conflicting claims by investigation, it is prudent to reserve one's judgment.

Modal scope fallacy and false dichotomy. Not "privy" doesn't imply necessarily not privy. There is one additional option. The only way for a "mere mortal" to be privy to revelation is by investigation. Therefore, it is prudent to investigate, not to reserve one's judgment.

>It is also argued that it is difficult to accept the existence of any one God without personal revelation. Most arguments for the existence of God are not specific to any one religion and could be applied to many religions with near equal validity. When faced with these competing claims in the absence of a personal revelation, it is argued that it is difficult to decide amongst them, to the extent that acceptance of any one religion requires a rejection of the others. Further, were a personal revelation to be granted to a nonbeliever, the same problem of confusion would develop in each new person the believer shares the revelation with.

Deciding among them is irrelevant upon personal revelation.

Argument from nonbelief, J. L. Schellenberg:

>1. If there is a God, he is perfectly loving.
>2. If a perfectly loving God exists, reasonable nonbelief does not occur.
>3. Reasonable nonbelief occurs.

Presupposes reasonable nonbelief in God is possible, which implies God, by premise 2, doesn't exist -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question. If God exists, it is possible reasonable nonbelief does not occur.

>4. No perfectly loving God exists (from 2 and 3).
>5. Hence, there is no God (from 1 and 4).

Version for students:

>1. If no perfectly loving God exists, then God does not exist.
>2. If a perfectly loving God exists, then there is a God who is always open to personal relationship with each human person.
>3. If there is a God who is always open to personal relationship with each human person, then no human person is ever non-resistantly unaware that God exists.
>4. If a perfectly loving God exists, then no human person is ever non-resistantly unaware that God exists (from 2 and 3).

Presupposes temporary states of non-resistant unawareness imply God is not perfectly loving, which implies God, by premise 1, doesn't exist -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question. Only persistent states of non-resistant unawareness are relevant. Since this argument is a later presentation of the former argument, it also equivocates temporary states of non-resistant unawareness with aware nonbelief, presumably in order to manipulate the students at whom it's aimed.

>5. Some human persons are non-resistantly unaware that God exists.
>6. No perfectly loving God exists (from 4 and 5).
>7. God does not exist (from 1 and 6).

Argument from nonbelief, Theodore Drange:

>1. If God exists, God:
>1a. wants all humans to believe God exists before they die;
>1b. can bring about a situation in which all humans believe God exists before they die;
>1c. does not want anything that would conflict with and be at least as important as its desire      for all humans to believe God exists before they die; and
>1d. always acts in accordance with what it most wants.
>2. If God exists, all humans would believe so before they die (from 1).
>3. But not all humans believe God exists before they die.
>4. Therefore, God does not exist (from 2 and 3).

It is possible it isn't logically possible God could create a world in which as many people that have believed in Him in the actual world freely choose to believe in Him, and in which not as many people choose not to, and that therefore, creation of the actual world is implied by omnibenevolence. If "omnipotence" implies the ability to perform the logically impossible, it's possible God has brought about a situation in which all humans believe God exists before they die. The contention "But that's logically impossible; not all humans believe God exists before they die," is invalid if the ability to perform the logically impossible is implied by "omnipotence."

Omnipotence paradox:

>The omnipotence paradox has medieval origins, dating at least to the 12th century. It was addressed by Averroës (1126–1198) and later by Thomas Aquinas. Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (before 532) has a predecessor version of the paradox, asking whether it is possible for God to "deny himself".
>The most well-known version of the omnipotence paradox is the so-called paradox of the stone: "Could God create a stone so heavy that even He could not lift it?" This phrasing of the omnipotence paradox is vulnerable to objections based on the physical nature of gravity, such as how the weight of an object depends on what the local gravitational field is. Alternative statements of the paradox that do not involve such difficulties include "If given the axioms of Riemannian geometry, can an omnipotent being create a triangle whose angles do not add up to 180 degrees?" and "Can God create a prison so secure that he cannot escape from it?".

Omnipotence isn't self-contradictory. If "omnipotence" doesn't imply the ability to perform the logically absurd, then the answer to whether or not God can resolve paradoxical questions is simply "No" and He is still omnipotent. If "omnipotence" does imply the ability to perform the logically absurd, then the answer to whether or not God can resolve paradoxical questions is simply "Yes," e.g. He could do something like create a stone so heavy He is unable to lift it, and He could lift it anyway. The contention "But that's logically absurd," is not valid if the ability to perform the logically absurd is implied by "omnipotence." Therefore, omnipotence isn't self-contradictory.

Argument from poor design:

>The argument from poor design, also known as the dysteleological argument, is an argument against the existence of a creator God, based on the reasoning that an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God would not create organisms with the perceived suboptimal designs that can be seen in nature.
>The argument is structured as a basic modus tollens: if "creation" contains many defects, then design is not a plausible theory for the origin of our existence. It is most commonly used in a weaker way, however: not with the aim of disproving the existence of God, but rather as a reductio ad absurdum of the well-known argument from design, which argues that living things are too well-designed to have originated by chance, so must have been deliberately created by an intelligent God.

Whether or not there are examples of poor design in nature is highly contested in biology. For example: it is often contested that the human eye is poorly designed because its retina is "inverted" which creates blind spots. It is then countered that the "inverted" retina allows the eye to process the higher amount of oxygen it needs in vertebrates, and that no one has been able to conceive of how it might be modified without significantly decreasing its function, to the point that engineers mimic its design. Appeals to concensus among atheistic biologists are usually then cited, but this is a fallacious appeal to authority, which is a fallacy when used to imply a truth claim.

A design is fallaciously presumed to be poor if it is conceivable that there is a better design, rather than only if a better design is conceived. Only when a better design has been conceived in its entirety, can it rationally be said that one exists.

It is also presupposed that evolution only progresses. While natural selection selects for advantageous mutations, disadvantageous mutations are not necessarily deselected. Therefore, nature alone could account for any perceived poor design in the world.

>evidential

Presupposes pain of innocent people is objectively evil, which implies innocent people exist, which implies there was no fall of man upon knowledge of good and evil, and which implies God doesn't decide what evil is, which imply God, and by definition of omnipotence, doesn't exist -- implicit premises that are supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question.

>evil can exist objectively without God

1. If God doesn't exist, "evil" is only an idea.
2. Ideas are only subjective.
3. Therefore, if God doesn't exist, "evil" is only subjective.

>and we can know what it is, and it's based on our feelings

If God doesn't exist, the explanation for how our feelings could accurately dictate what is objectively evil is natural evolution, which is self-refuting: If our ability to conceive of truth exists only because it has naturally evolved to be as it is, and nature selects only for traits that help us survive, and knowledge of truth isn't necessary for our survival, then there's no reason any of our conceptions of truth would be correct and we shouldn't believe anything we think or feel, including about morality.

Animals don't believe pain is evil.

Problem of Hell:

>The problem of Hell is an ethical problem in religion in which the existence of Hell for the punishment of souls is regarded as inconsistent with the notion of a just, moral, and omnibenevolent God. It derives from four key propositions: Hell exists; it is for the punishment of people whose lives on Earth are judged to have sinned against God; some people go there; and there is no escape.

Presupposes God doesn't have the right to decide what justice is, which implies God, by definition of omnipotence, doesn't exist -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question. God decides what justice is.

Presupposes people who go to hell have any redeeming qualities, which implies God is wrong, which implies God, by definitions of omnipotence and omnibenevolence, doesn't exist -- an implicit premise that is supposed to be the conclusion of the argument -- therefore, the argument begs the question. People who go to hell choose to go there (See: fate of the unlearned); it is the consequence of not doing what we're supposed to do -- its perceived harshness only a testament to the importance of not making that choice. "People" who deny God and go to hell are truly evil, by His objective definition.

Russell's teapot:

>Many orthodox people speak as though it were the business of sceptics to disprove received dogmas rather than of dogmatists to prove them. This is, of course, a mistake. If I were to suggest that between the Earth and Mars there is a china teapot revolving about the sun in an elliptical orbit, nobody would be able to disprove my assertion provided I were careful to add that the teapot is too small to be revealed even by our most powerful telescopes. But if I were to go on to say that, since my assertion cannot be disproved, it is intolerable presumption on the part of human reason to doubt it, I should rightly be thought to be talking nonsense. If, however, the existence of such a teapot were affirmed in ancient books, taught as the sacred truth every Sunday, and instilled into the minds of children at school, hesitation to believe in its existence would become a mark of eccentricity and entitle the doubter to the attentions of the psychiatrist in an enlightened age or of the Inquisitor in an earlier time.[2]

False analogy. We observe that we are the only civilzation in the solar system, that teapots don't launch themselves into space, and that there have been no manned missions to Mars -- we observe that it is unlikely such a teapot exists. We make no such observations about the existence of God.

Russel would have no authority to assert there is such a teapot. The bible does have authority. The bible is 66 different narratives, letters, and writings written by 40 different people, five of whom witnessed Jesus after His resurrection, over about 1,500 years that are all theologically synchronous, with minimal, trivial contradictions that are expected of any such collection of historical documents and only add to its historicity. Its own words also give it authority, which reveal themselves as the word of God to anyone willing to read it as such.

Theological noncognitivism:

>Theological noncognitivism is the argument that religious language – specifically, words such as "God" – are not cognitively meaningful. It is sometimes considered as synonymous with ignosticism.

To assert something isn't cognitively meaningful is to imply cognition of that thing.

This argument can also be applied to anything. It can be said nothing is truly cognitively meaningful, because when enough questions are asked about anything, the answer is invariably "Just because." Thus, all cognition is ultimately contingent on a priori knowledge. If this were to mean there is no such thing as meaningful cognition, it would apply to God no more than it applies to everything. It is axiomatic that the necessity of a priori knowledge does not negate meaningful cognition. Just because it is possible God can't be fully known, doesn't mean knowledge of Him isn't possible.

Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit by Dawkins:

>The Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit is a play on the notion of a "tornado sweeping through a junkyard to assemble a Boeing 747" employed to decry abiogenesis and evolution as vastly unlikely and better explained by the existence of a creator god. According to Dawkins, this logic is self-defeating as the theist must now account for the god's existence and explain whether or how the god was created.
It can't be inferred from the necessity of a creator that there is no creator. Space-time originated with the universe. Therefore, the cause of the universe would be aspacial and atemporal. The aspacial and atemporal doesn't necessitate cause. Therefore, what caused the universe wouldn't necessitate cause. An omnipotent being is capable of being this uncaused first cause.
>In his view, if 'the existence of highly complex life on Earth is the equivalent of the implausible junkyard Boeing 747'(straw man), the existence of a 'highly complex god'(straw man, begging the question) is the "ultimate Boeing 747" that truly does 'require the seemingly impossible to explain its existence'(straw man).
The first straw man misrepresents the existence of highly complex life, in substitution of abiogenesis and evolution, as being decried as equivalent to the implausible junkyard Boeing 747. The former exists; the latter's existence is what's contested.
The second straw man misrepresents belief in God as in "a highly complex god." It begs the question because it assumes God is necessarily highly "complex." It is conceivable that God is a "simple" conception or perception -- an objectively perfect being.
The third straw man misrepresents the existence of something as being "seemingly impossible" only because it's highly "complex." Insufficient cause doesn't imply "seeming" impossibility of the highly "complex."

This isn't even really an 'argument' against God's existence. It's merely a poor attempt to cite inconsistency in a contention against evolution.

Occam's razor:

>Occam's razor (also Ockham's razor; Latin: lex parsimoniae "law of parsimony") is a problem-solving principle attributed to William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347), who was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. His principle can be interpreted as stating Among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
>In science, Occam's razor is used as a heuristic guide in the development of theoretical models, rather than as a rigorous arbiter between candidate models. In the scientific method, Occam's razor is not considered an irrefutable principle of logic or a scientific result; the preference for simplicity in the scientific method is based on the falsifiability criterion. For each accepted explanation of a phenomenon, there may be an extremely large, perhaps even incomprehensible, number of possible and more complex alternatives, because one can always burden failing explanations with ad hoc hypotheses to prevent them from being falsified; therefore, simpler theories are preferable to more complex ones because they are more testable.

God is the simplest possible solution to everything (See: Simplicity vs. omniscience). Complexity is not a consequence of all-perfection; it is a consequence of deficient cognition. Simplicity and complexity don't objectively exist.

Occam's razor is also only a rule of thumb for abducing that a conclusion is more likely than not, when its likelihood is unquantifiable. Therefore, it can't be used to infer truth nor existence, neither of God nor of anything.

There is no representation of valid criticisms of these arguments, and arguments for God are poorly represented, not because atheism is the rational position, but because evil really does exist, as an influence on everyone.

It isn't surprising all these "smart people" can be wrong if you accept that God exists. They probably even know they're wrong, but they don't care about what's right -- only about arguing that the bible is wrong.

If it's possible God does exist, and thus that there could actually be good and evil and things actually, objectively matter, and you don't believe, consider the possibility that you are deceived.

Pleb-tier atheist arguments:

>will is a consequence of lacking therefore God is not omnipotent
Begs the question. To assume God's will has human requirements is a fallacy of the undistributed middle, converse fallacy, faulty induction, appeal to ignorance, or association fallacy, depending on which faulty reasoning you used to arrive at the conclusion. God does things simply because they are good.

>infinute monkey theorum
The universe is only supposedly 13.772 billion years old.
>then there's a multiverse
1. There is no such thing as information without conscious perception.
2. Thus there is no such thing as 'works of Shakespeare' without conscious perception.
3. UnGodly consciousness can't exist in infinity.
4. Thus, ironically (yet predictably, being somewhat of an atheistic argument), the infinite monkey theorum can't be correct without the existence of God.

>consciousness is an illusion
Circular reasoning. Consciousness is necessary for illusion. Consciousness can't be an illusion of itself because consciousness can't be the cause of itself.

>god would have shown himself to me waaaaaa
The bible says "And ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me with all your heart." It can be inferred this is a necessary condition because there is no other reason to say it. It isn't possible to do this and doubt or identify as a butthurt atheist.

>you can't prove a negative, therefore it is rational to take the negative position
There is no such thing as a "negative," i.e. positive and negative isn't a polarity that objectively exists. All propositions are positive and negative, and when claiming one is true, you are saying nothing else is true, i.e. its negation is false.

>why didn't jesus write the bible himself?
You mean like Muhammad (the quran's sole witness), or Joseph Smith?

>god's a genocidal maniac!
Appeal to emotion. Genocide only applies to humans. God -- who decides what is good or evil in the first place, and who has the right to decide when someone is evil and when they should die -- killing people who disobey Him and are therefore evil, is not the same thing. Presupposing otherwise implies you think your judgment, which is based on your fee fees, is better than God's, which is impossible and therefore implies He doesn't exist, therefore this contention begs the question.

>what happened to people before Jesus?
The gospel existed before Jesus.

>god should be more obvious
God is obvious. He also isn't interested in just getting people to believe that He exists. He wants to bring people into a loving, saving relationship with Himself. God and His Providence knows how to so order the world so as to bring the maximal or optimal number of people, freely, into relationship with Himself. People are given adequate, but not coercive, evidence for His existence.

People who think of the existence of God as a ridiculous notion, presumably by choice, imagine Him as some limited being who's unlikely to exist by definition. God is generally defined as being omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent, transcendent, and ultimately incomprehensible. Imposing purposely silly definitions on Him (or any definition), aside from being an appeal to ridicule, does not function as a valid reduction to absurdity because any and all imposed definitions conflict with His actual definition. For example, a "flying spaghetti monster," or a "sky daddy," is either not omnipotent by definition, or its form isn't necessary and therefore arbitrary and non-definitive, and it isn't transcendent, because it is impossible to have a form outside of space-time. If or when the intention is merely to show God is "as ridiculous" as any fantastical thing using false analogies, it is only a redundantly-fallacious appeal to the stone. It's also akin to saying "Look, I can make things up. Therefore your God is made up," and yet these are the kind of unsophisticated arguments atheists use, presumably all because they refuse to conceive of possibility outside our comprehension, lest they have to admit we may be held accountable to something outside ourselves.

If God exists, His having created us implies will, which implies motivation, which implies caring (His having created meaning at all implies He cares), which implies it's possible and not unlikely (or true, see: Evil God Challenge) God's word would persist (See: Christopher Hitchens) and be well-known. Therefore, it is possible and not unlikely (or true) that God's word persists and is well-known by a 'religion.'

Christianity is one of the first to teach of one rational, all-perfect God, and is the only theological understanding in which we're not expected to work our way to heaven, nor are we saved by the merit of our actions, but only by the grace of Jesus Christ. "Faith without works is dead," in that he who has faith in Jesus will simply bear the works, i.e. repentance. It is only through this that we are able to know Jesus, but faith in Him and humility that men are not their own god must come first.

Jesus was witnessed by thousands of people. The bible is 66 different narratives, letters, and writings written by 40 different people, some of whom knew Jesus or witnessed Him, over about 1,500 years that are all theologically synchronous. Even its expected and trivial "contradictions" attest to its historicity. This is as opposed to having been written by one person like some guy in a cave who says he had a revelation. Ultimately, you have to read the new testament and commune with Christians to know God for yourself.

>inb4 someone misunderstands all of this and declares victory