_________ _____ _______________ _____ \_ ___ \\ \\___________ \____ / ____\ ~/.bash/cliref.md / \ \/| | | || _/ __ \ __\ copy/paste from whatisdb \ \___|__ |_|_ || | \ __/|_ | http://pastebin.com/yGmGiDQX \________ /_____ \_||____|_ /____ /_| yunga.palatino@gmail.com 20160515 \/ 1527 \/ \/ \/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- alias CLIRef.txt='curl -s "http://pastebin.com/raw/yGmGiDQX" | less -i' alias CLIRef.md='lynx "https://gist.github.com/yunga/b036ac9749524e312fb8#file-cliref-md"' # Content ##################################################################### Other Documentation | Getting Help | Interesting Pages | | Shells | Network | Directories Terminal Tools | Wireless | Files | Network Monitor | Pipes Setup | Network Tunnels | File Attributes System | Network Scan | File Find Kernel | Network Capture | File Compare Init and Runlevels | Network Filesystems | Binary Information Hardware | Network Apps | File Managers Filesystem Tools | Modem/Fax/GSM | Viewers Quota | Network File Transfer | Editors Processes | Browser | Text Utilities Performances | RSS Reader | Print User Management | Podcast | Compression User Information | Chat | Encryption Environment | EMail | Backup Security Context | Newsgroups | CD/DVD/BluRay | Websites | | | Development | ASCII Art | Numbers and Math Debugging | Images | Date and Time Revision Control | Vector Graphics | Schedule Database | 3D | Office | Videos | Spelling Games | Audio and Music | Publishing Screensavers | Audio Players | Task Managers Other | Audio Editing | Conversion X Windows | Midi | Funny | Text to Speech | # Other Documentation ######################################################### ## Local directories manpages /usr/man/ /usr/share/man/ infopages /usr/info/ /usr/share/info/ packages /usr/doc/ /usr/share/doc/ linux doc prj /usr/doc/ldp/ /usr/share/doc/ldp/ howtos /usr/doc/howto/ /usr/share/doc/howto/ mini howtos /usr/doc/howto/mini/ /usr/share/doc/howto/mini/ kernel /usr/src/linux/documentation/ x window /usr/x11r6/lib/x11/doc/ apache /home/httpd/html/manual/ /var/www/html/manual/ latex doc /usr/share/texmf/doc/latex/latex2e-html/ tex /usr/share/texmf/doc/ ## On the Web - The Linux man-pages project https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ - Linux Manpages Online http://man.cx/ - Ubuntu Manpage Repository http://manpages.ubuntu.com/ - ArchWiki https://wiki.archlinux.org/ - Debian Wiki https://wiki.debian.org/ - The Debian Administrator's Handbook https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/ - The Linux Documentation Project http://tldp.org/ - GreyCat's wiki http://mywiki.wooledge.org/ - Bash Hackers Wiki http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/ - Rosetta Stone for Unix http://bhami.com/rosetta.html - Unix Toolbox http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml - Inconsolation https://inconsolation.wordpress.com/ - Command Line Kung Fu http://blog.commandlinekungfu.com/ - CommandLineFu http://www.commandlinefu.com/ - Unix Mages http://unixmages.com/ - SuperUser https://superuser.com/ - Ask Ubuntu https://askubuntu.com/ - Unix on StackExchange https://unix.stackexchange.com/ - Shell subreddits https://www.reddit.com/r/bash+bashtricks+commandline+scriptswap+shell+zsh Tools: - ShellCheck http://www.shellcheck.net/ - ExplainShell http://explainshell.com/ - Coding Ground http://www.tutorialspoint.com/codingground.htm ## Manpages Sections on various platforms Section | General use on various unix platforms 0 | c library header files 1 | general commands 1c | communications 1g | graphics 1m | maintenance, system administration commands and daemons 2 | system calls 3 | library functions, in particular the c standard library 3c | c programming language 3f | fortran programming language 3m | miscellaneous programming routines 4 | special files, devices, drivers, formats and conventions 5 | file formats and conventions miscellanea 6 | games and screensavers 7 | miscellanea, special files, devices and drivers 8 | system administration commands and daemons 9 | kernel routines l | local, some programs install pages here instead of (1) n | tcl/tk keywords x | the x window system ?p | perl scripts man pages ?posix | posix man pages ?fun | funny command lines # Getting Help ################################################################ man an interface to the on-line reference manuals apropos search the manual page names and descriptions whatis display manual page descriptions whichman search for a man page using a fault tolerant search info read info documents help shell built-in help debmany show documentation from installed packages debian-reference open the post-installation user's guide in browser type display information about command type konqueror browse man:/info:/perldoc:/etc. thanks to kio popbugs find release critical bugs in packages you use # Interesting Pages ########################################################### intro.1 user commands intro.2 system calls intro.3 library functions intro.4 special files intro.5 file formats intro.6 games intro.7 overview/conventions/miscellany section intro.8 administration and privileged commands undocumented.7 no manpage for this program, utility or function missing missing manual pages LDP linux documentation project with help and guides man-pages conventions for writing linux man pages environ user environment hier description of the filesystem hierarchy file-hierarchy file system hierarchy overview capabilities overview of linux capabilities signal overview of signals standards standards - c and unix standards units.7 units, kilo/kibi/mega, decimal and binary prefixes libc overview of standard c libraries on linux posixoptions optional parts of the posix standard errno look up errno names and descriptions errno.3 number of last error undocumented.3 undocumented library functions printf formatted output conversion strftime format date and time acl access control lists ascii report character aliases ascii.7 ascii characters in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal unicode universal character set locale.7 description of multilanguage support readline get a line from a user with editing (inputrc) terminfo terminal capability data base bash gnu bourne-again shell zsh the z shell glob globbing pathnames regex posix.2 regular expressions pcrepattern pcre - perl-compatible regular expressions pcresyntax pcre - perl-compatible regex syntax summary perlintro brief introduction and overview of perl perlcheat perl 5 cheat sheet gittutorial a tutorial introduction to git random kernel random number source devices # Shells ###################################################################### sh shell, the standard command language interpreter bash gnu bourne-again shell fish the friendly interactive shell zsh the z shell fizsh friendly interactive zshell ksh kornshell, a command and programming language pdksh legacy kornshell built on mksh mksh mirbsd kornshell csh a shell with c-like syntax tcsh c shell with file name completion and cli editing ash the almquist shell dash the debian almquist shell rc a shell for plan 9 and unix systems git-sh a git shell (bash) shellcheck analyzes shell scripts and points out typical issues # Terminal Tools ############################################################## screen screen manager with vt100/ansi terminal emulation tmux terminal multiplexer byobu wrapper script for seeding configuration to screen/tmux dvtm dynamic virtual terminal manager twin textmode window environment dtach program that emulates the detach feature of screen reptyr reparent a running program to a new terminal/screen kibitz allow two people to interact with one shell script make typescript of terminal session scriptreplay play back typescripts, using timing information ttyrec a tty recorder ttyplay player of the tty session recorded by ttyrec clear clear the screen reset terminal initialization openvt start a program on a new virtual terminal (vt) chvt change foreground virtual terminal deallocvt deallocate unused virtual terminals tty display the name of the terminal connected to stdin stty change and print terminal line settings tabs set terminal tabs setterm set terminal attributes tput change terminal characteristics tic the terminfo entry-description compiler toe table of (terminfo) entries infocmp compare or print out terminfo descriptions captoinfo convert a termcap description into terminfo description infotocap convert a terminfo description into termcap description # Setup ####################################################################### apt-get apt package handling utility (debian) apt-config apt configuration query program apt-cache query the apt cache apt-file apt package searching utility dlocate program to view debian package information whohas find packages in various distributions repositories apt-mark mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed debfoster weed unnecessary debian packages deborphan orphaned package finder dgrep grep through files belonging to an installed package dglob expand package names or files matching a pattern dpigs show which installed packages occupy the most space popularity-contest list the most popular packages on the system popcon-largest-unused list size of unused packages on the system popbugs find release critical bugs in packages used which-pkg-broke find which package might have broken another dpkg package manager for debian dpkg-reconfigure reconfigure an already installed package debconf run a debconf-using program debconf-get-selections output contents of debconf database debconf-set-selections insert new values into the debconf database update-alternatives maintain symlinks for default commands update-manager graphical management of software updates dselect debian package management frontend aptitude high-level interface to the package manager synaptic graphical management of software packages (xwindows) alien convert or install an alien binary package (rpm, deb) smart the smart package manager (apt/rpm/yum/etc) yum yellowdog updater modified (redhat) rpm rpm package manager (redhat) urpmi rpm downloader/installer/dependency solver (mandriva) zypper interface to zypp system management (opensuse) pacman package manager utility (archlinux) yaourt more than a frontend to pacman (archlinux) stow software package installation manager (with symlinks) checkrestart check which processes need a restart after an upgrade # System ###################################################################### inxi lists kernel/drivers/cpu/ram/gcc/xorg/desktop/etc. nmon systems administrator, tuner, benchmark tool collectl collects data that describes the current system status binstats display statistics about programs and libraries uptime view the system load and how long it has been running times show process times for the shell and its child lsb_release print distribution-specific information uname print system/kernel information arch print machine hardware name (same as uname -m) nproc print the number of processing units available procinfo display system statistics gathered from /proc mpstat report processors related statistics saidar a curses-based tool for viewing system statistics perf-top system profiling tool lmbench system benchmarks sysbench a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool sar collect, report, or save system activity information hostid print the numeric identifier for the current host free display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system swapon enable device and file for paging and swapping swapoff disable devices and files for paging and swapping vmstat report virtual memory statistics dstat versatile tool for generating system resource stats iostat report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs iotop simple top-like i/o monitor fio flexible i/o tester blktrace generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices blockdev call block device ioctls from the command line slabtop display kernel slab cache information in real time tload graphic representation of system load average logger a shell interface to the syslog system log module logwatch system log analyzer and reporter swatch simple watcher imvirt detects several virtualizations # Kernel ###################################################################### lsmod program to show the status of modules in linux kernel insmod simple program to insert a module into the linux kernel rmmod simple program to remove a module from the linux kernel modinfo program to show information about a linux kernel module modprobe program to add and remove modules from the linux kernel modconf a module configuration utility depmod program to generate modules.dep and map files sysctl configure kernel parameters at runtime # Init and Runlevels ########################################################## initctl upstart service configuration start init daemon control tool stop init daemon control tool status init daemon control tool chkconfig enable or disable system services service run a system v init script sysv-rc-conf run-level configuration for sysv like init script links runlevel output previous and current runlevel telinit change system runlevel checkrestart check which processes need a restart after an upgrade systemctl control the systemd system and service manager journalctl query the systemd journal loginctl control the systemd login manager halt reboot or stop the system reboot reboot or stop the system shutdown shutdown or restart the system poweroff reboot or stop the system # Hardware #################################################################### x86info display x86 cpu diagnostics dmesg print kernel and driver messages hdparm get/set sata/ide device parameters smartctl control and monitor utility for smart disks badblocks search a device for bad blocks setserial get/set linux serial port information wvdial ppp dialer with built-in intelligence lshw list hardware lshal lists all devices the hardware abstraction layer knows lsdev display information about installed hardware lsblk list block devices lsusb list usb devices lspci list all pci devices setpci configure pci devices pnpdump dump isa plug-and-play devices resource information isadump examine isa registers scsiinfo query information from a scsi device sginfo access mode page information for a scsi/atapi device sg_map displays mapping between linux sg and scsi devices udevadm udev management tool ethtool query or control network driver and hardware settings mii-tool view, manipulate media-independent interface status dmidecode dmi table decoder hwinfo probe for hardware acpitool acpi client, allowing you to query or set acpi values apm interface with the apm subsystem alsamixer soundcard mixer for alsa driver aumix adjust audio mixer pactl control a running pulseaudio sound server rexima a curses-based (and command-line) mixer alsactl advanced controls for alsa soundcard driver showkey examine the codes sent by the keyboard loadkeys load keyboard translation tables dumpkeys dump keyboard translation tables setleds set the keyboard leds imvirt detects several virtualizations # Filesystem Tools ############################################################ df report file system disk space usage discus print a report of disk space usage mount mount a filesystem umount unmount file systems mhddfs combines a several mount points into a single one fusermount mount and unmount fuse filesystems findmnt find a filesystem mountpoint see if a directory is a mountpoint sync flush disk caches mkfs build a linux file system tune2fs adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 fsck check and repair a linux file system badblocks search a device for bad blocks debugfs ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger fdisk partition table manipulator for linux cfdisk curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator parted a partition manipulation program fdformat low-level format a floppy disk mtools utilities to access dos disks in unix lilo install linux boot loader grub install grand unified bootloader dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records ddrescue data recovery tool dcfldd enhanced version of dd for forensics and security foremost recover files using their headers/footers/structures photorec recover lost files from hdisk, digital camera and cdrom safecopy data recovery tool # Quota ####################################################################### quota display disk usage and limits repquota summarize quotas for a filesystem setquota set disk quotas edquota edit user quotas quotaon turn filesystem quotas on quotaoff turn filesystem quotas off quotacheck scan for disk usage, create, check, repair quota files convertquota convert quota from old file format to new one # Processes ################################################################### ps report a snapshot of the current processes w show who is logged on and what they are doing top monitor processes htop interactive process viewer atop at computing system & process monitor gitps a visual process viewer/killer (gnu interactive tools) glances a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool pidstat report statistics for linux tasks powertop program to analyze power consumption on intel laptops prtstat print statistics of a process pstree display a tree of processes whowatch console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool kill send a signal to a process killall kill all processes named proc pidof find the process id of a running program pkill signal processes based on name and other attributes pgrep lookup processes based on name and other attributes skill send a signal or report process status snice send a signal or report process status nice set/run a program with modified scheduling priority renice alter priority of running processes ionice set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority cpulimit limits the cpu usage of a process taskset retrieve or set a process cpu affinity setuid run a command with a different uid setsid run a program in a new session nohup runs a command immune to hangups, outputs to a non-tty disown shell built-in, removes each jobs from shell jobs lists the active jobs bg lists stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job fg brings the most recent job to foreground time time a simple command timeout run a command with a time limit uux remote command execution uustat uucp status inquiry and job control ipcs report interprocess communication facilities status ipcrm remove message, semaphore, or shared memory identifier # Performances ################################################################ See Brendan D. Gregg [Linux Perf page] (http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html) collectl collects data that describes the current system status glances a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool uptime view the system load and how long it has been running mpstat report processors related statistics lmbench system benchmarks sysbench a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool sar collect, report, or save system activity information free display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system swapon enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping vmstat report virtual memory statistics dstat versatile tool for generating system resource stats iostat report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs iotop simple top-like i/o monitor fio flexible i/o tester blktrace generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices slabtop display kernel slab cache information in real time sysctl configure kernel parameters at runtime hdparm get/set sata/ide device parameters ps report a snapshot of the current processes top monitor processes htop interactive process viewer pidstat report statistics for linux tasks nice set/run a program with modified scheduling priority renice alter priority of running processes ionice set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority taskset retrieve or set a process cpu affinity sysdig a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool ltrace a library call tracer strace trace system calls and signals errno look up errno names and descriptions explain explain system call error messages stap systemtap script translator driver ktap lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux llttng tracer control command line tool perf performance analysis tools for linux tiptop display hardware performance counters for linux tasks ethtool query or control network driver and hardware settings iperf perform network throughput tests pchar perform network measurements along an internet path ping check if host is reachable hping3 send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts traceroute print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr) mtr traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool nicstat print network traffic statistics netstat print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats ss another utility to investigate sockets socklist display list of open sockets sockstat list open sockets iptraf interactive colorful ip lan monitor tcpdump dump traffic on a network darkstat network statistics gatherer justniffer an extensive tcp flow sniffer snmpget communicates with a network using snmp get requests lldptool manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad tune2fs adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records siege an http/https stress tester tsung distributed multi-protocol load testing tool # User Management ############################################################# adduser add a user or group to the system useradd create a new user or update default user information userdel delete a user account and related files usermod modify a user account newusers update and create new users in batch groupadd create a new group groupdel delete a group groupmod modify a group definition on the system newgrp log in to a new group chage change user password expiry information chfn change real user name and information chsh change login shell passwd change user password # User Information ############################################################ id print real and effective user and group ids groups print group names a user is in sa summarizes accounting information ac print statistics about users connect time who print all usernames currently logged in whowatch console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool whoami print effective userid rwho determine all users logged on your local network w show who is logged on and what they are doing last show listing of last logged in users lastb show listing of bad loggin attemps lastlog reports recent login of all users or of a given user lastcomm print information about previously executed commands users print the user names of users currently logged in logname print the login name of a user talk talk to another user ytalk multi-user chat program write send a message to another user wall write a message to users mesg control write access to your terminal # Environment ################################################################# printenv print all or part of environment env run a program in a modified environment locale get locale-specific information localedef compile locale definition files # Security Context ############################################################ su change user id or become superuser sudo execute a command as another user sudoedit edit one or more files as another user op grant trusted users access to certain root operations runcon run command with specified security context (selinux) chcon change file security context (selinux) chroot run command or interactive shell with special root dir schroot securely enter a chroot environment rarun2 run programs with different env/args/perms/dirs/etc # Development ################################################################# perl the perl language interpreter perldoc look up perl documentation in pod format perltidy a perl script indenter and reformatter perlcritic command-line interface to critique perl source perlbug how to submit bug reports on perl cpan easily interact with cpan from the command line txt2regex a regular expression wizard ruby interpreted object-oriented scripting language irb interactive ruby gem the front end to rubygems python an interpreted, object-oriented programming language pydoc the python documentation tool pycompile byte compile python source files pychecker program to check python scripts for common mistakes ghc the glasgow haskell compiler ghci the glasgow haskell compiler lua lua interpreter luac lua compiler luadoc generate documentation from files luarocks module deployment system for lua node server-side javascript js_beautify command tool to beautify your javascript files jq command-line json processor jsoncat display json data jsonlint json syntax validator and formatter tool java the java application launcher javac java programming language compiler javadoc the java api documentation generator jardiff visualise api differences between two jar files php php command line interface cli clisp ansi common lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger fort77 fortran compiler f2c convert fortran 77 to c or c++ fc frontend script to the f2c fortran compiler nasm the netwide assembler, a portable 80x86 assembler yasm the yasm modular assembler as the portable gnu assembler rasm2 assemble and disassemble files or hexpair strings gcc gnu project c and c++ compiler gprof display call graph profile data ld the gnu linker c99 compile standard ansi c programs cpp the c preprocessor make gnu make utility to maintain groups of programs dmake maintain program groups, or interdependent files cmake cross-platform makefile generator cxref generate a c-language program cross-reference table ctags generate tag file for emacs, vi cflow generate a c-language flowgraph cscope interactively examine a c program sloccount count source lines of code (sloc) cloc count lines of source code and comments pepper repository statistics and report tool astyle indentation and reformatting filters c, c++, c#, java indent reformat a c program, inserting or deleting whitespace bcpp make c++ beautifier uncrustify c, c++, c#, d, java and pawn source code beautifier xmlstarlet command line xml/xslt toolkit xmllint command line xml tool xgrep search content of xml file via xpath or curstom search xmlcatalog parse and manipulate xml or sgml catalog files xalan process xml documents with xslt stylesheets xmlindent xml stream reformatter tidy validate, correct, and pretty-print html files csstidy css parser and optimiser highlight universal code highlighter converter (html, rtf, ...) lex generate programs for lexical tasks strip remove unnecessary information from executable files m4 macro processor yacc yet another compiler compiler flex lexical analyser, generates code for pattern-matching gencat generate a formatted message catalog getconf get configuration values errno look up errno names and descriptions explain explain system call error messages # Debugging ################################################################### gdb the gnu debugger r2 advanced hexadecimal editor, disassembler and debugger elfsh the elsf shell e2dbg the embedded elf debugger readelf displays information about elf files rabin2 get information about elf/pe/mz/class objdump display information from object files objcopy copy and translate object files nm list symbols from object files lsof list open files/streams/sockets/etc lslk list local locks fuser identify processes using files or sockets trace-cmd interacts with ftrace linux kernel internal tracer trace-cmd-list list available plugins, events or options for ftrace pstack print a stack trace of running processes dtrace tune and troubleshoot programs and system (systemtap) sysdig a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool etrace the embedded elf tracer eresi the eresi reverse engineering software interface errno look up errno names and descriptions explain explain system call error messages strace trace system calls and signals ltrace a library call tracer mtrace interpret output from malloc_trace xtrace trace communication between x11 client and server stap systemtap script translator driver ktap lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux llttng tracer control command line tool perf performance analysis tools for linux perf-stat run a command and gather performance counter statistics perf-list list all symbolic event types tiptop display hardware performance counters for linux tasks babeltrace babeltrace trace viewer and converter for (ctf) memdump memory dumper scanmem locate and modify a variable in an executing process crash analyze linux crash dump data or a live system binwalk binary image search tool strings extract printable strings ident identify rcs keyword strings in files pmap report memory map of a process ldd print shared library dependencies ldconfig configure dynamic linker run-time bindings ld.so dynamic linker-loader /lib/ld-linux.so.2 dynamic linker-loader /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 dynamic linker-loader # Revision Control ############################################################ rcs change rcs file attributes ci check in rcs revisions co check out rcs revisions git the stupid content tracker tig text-mode interface for git bzr bazaar next-generation distributed version control cvs concurrent versions system darcs an advanced revision control system hg mercurial source code management system svn subversion command line client tool # Database #################################################################### sqlite3 command line interface for sqlite version 3 sqlite a command line interface for sqlite psql postgresql interactive terminal mysql the mysql command-line tool sql execute a command on a database determined by a dburl rrdtool round robin database tool and grapher # Network ##################################################################### ip show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels tc show/manipulate traffic control settings ifconfig set/display network information ifdata get network interface info without ifconfig parsing ifstat report interface statistics ifdown stop a network interface ifup bring a network interface up ethtool query or control network driver and hardware settings mii-tool view, manipulate media-independent interface status nmcli command-line tool for controlling networkmanager nmtui text user interface for controlling networkmanager nm-tool utility to report networkmanager state and devices iperf perform network throughput tests nuttcp network performance measurement tool pchar perform network measurements along an internet path route show/manipulate the ip routing table hostname print the system hostname domainname show or set the system nis/yp domain name dnsdomainname show the system dns domain name nisdomainname show or set the system's nis domain name ypdomainname show or set the system's yp domain name whois client for the whois directory service dnstracer trace a chain of DNS servers to the source ping check if host is reachable hping3 send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts traceroute print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr) tracepath traces path to a network host, discovering mtu along mtr traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool netstat print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats lsof list open files/streams/sockets/etc ss another utility to investigate sockets host dns lookup utility dig dns lookup utility nslookup query internet name servers interactively zonecheck dns zone checking tool nc netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens cryptcat twofish encryption enabled version of nc ncat concatenate and redirect sockets socat multipurpose relay (socket cat) faucet a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes) hose the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes) arping arp find out ethernet address by first arping then arp arp manipulate the system arp cache arpwatch keep track of ethernet/ip address pairings arpspoof intercept packets on a switched lan rarp manipulate the system rarp table ufw program for managing a netfilter firewall iptables administration tool for ipv4 filtering and nat ip6tables ipv6 packet filter administration iptables-save dump iptables rules to stdout ip6tables-save dump iptables rules to stdout iptables-restore restore ip tables ip6tables-restore restore ipv6 tables iptstate top-like display of ip tables state table entries ipchains control the packet filter/firewall (see iptables) ipcalc ipv4 netmask/broadcast/etc calculator ipv6calc a small utility to manipulate ipv6 addresses sipcalc ip subnet calculator subnetcalc ipv4/ipv6 subnet calculator tcpkill kill tcp connections on a lan tcpnice slow down tcp connections on a lan sshow ssh traffic analysis tool sshmitm ssh monkey-in-the-middle smbclient ftp-like client to access smb/cifs resources on servers ntptrace trace a chain of ntp servers back to the primary source snmpget communicates with a network using snmp get requests snmpwalk retrieve a management values subtree using snmp getnext snmpcmd behaviour common to most of the net-snmp commands lldpad link layer discovery protocol (lldp) agent daemon lldptool manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad suricata next generation intrusion detection and prevention tool # Wireless #################################################################### iw show/manipulate wireless devices and configuration iwconfig configure a wireless network interface iwlist detailed information about a wireless interface iwevent show wireless events generated by drivers and hardware iwgetid report essid, nwid, ap/cell address of wireless network wavemon a wireless network monitor kismet wireless sniffing and monitoring # Network Monitor ############################################################# ntop display top network users ntopng display top network users nload displays the current network usage cbm display the current traffic on all network devices sntop top-like console network status tool iftop display bandwidth usage on an interface by host jnettop view hosts/ports taking up the most network traffic bmon bandwidth monitor and rate estimator bwn-ng a live monitor for network and disk io speedometer display the rate of data across a network connection netload network device load monitor nethogs a small net top tool, displays usage per process slurm yet another network load monitor vnstat a console-based network traffic monitor nicstat print network traffic statistics pktstat display packet activity iptraf interactive colorful ip lan monitor netwatch ethernet internet protocol monitor trafshow full screen show network traffic tcptrack monitor tcp connections on the network tcpreen tcp stream monitoring tool wavemon a wireless network monitor # Network Tunnels ############################################################# ip show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels ip-tunnel tunnel configuration stunnel universal ssl tunnel ptunnel tunnel tcp connections over icmp packets udptunnel tunnel udp packets over a tcp connection # Network Scan ################################################################ nmap network exploration tool and security / port scanner ndiff utility to compare the results of nmap scans scapy interactive packet manipulation tool nping network packet generation tool / ping utility arp-scan the arp scanner sslscan fast ssl scanner xprobe2 a remote active operating system fingerprinting tool p0f identify remote systems passively # Network Capture ############################################################# wireshark interactively dump and analyze network traffic tshark dump and analyze network traffic scapy interactive packet manipulation tool dumpcap dump network traffic tcpspy tcp/ip connection monitor tcpdump dump traffic on a network tcptrace a tcp connection analysis tool tcpick tcp stream sniffer and connection tracker tcpflow tcp flow recorder snort packet sniffer/logger and intrusion detection system pcapdump dedicated packet capture utility pcapip filter a pcap for ip addresses pcappick pick specific frames out of a pcap file by number pcapuc filter a pcap for ip addresses ettercap sniffer/content filter for man in the middle attacks ngrep network grep tetheral dump and analyze network traffic sniffit packet sniffer and monitoring tool httpry http logging and information retrieval tool dsniff password sniffer (lots of protocols) kismet wireless sniffing and monitoring # Network Filesystems ######################################################### exportfs maintain table of exported nfs file systems showmount show mount information for an NFS server nfsstat list nfs statistics nfsiostat report input/output statistics for nfs sshfs filesystem client based on ssh curlftpfs mount a ftp host as a local directory flickrfs virtual filesystem for flickr photosharing service # Network Apps ################################################################ ssh openssh ssh client (remote login program) cssh cluster admin tool, multiple ssh connection ssh-copy-id install public key in a remote machine authorized_keys ssh-keygen authkey generation, management and conversion rsh remote shell crsh cluster admin tool, multiple rsh connection rlogin openssh ssh client (remote login program) telnet log into remote hosts ctel cluster admin tool, multiple telnet connection ccon cluster admin tool, multiple console connection uux remote command execution uustat uucp status inquiry and job control finger user information lookup program # Modem/Fax/GSM ############################################################### minicom friendly serial communication program efax send/receive faxes with class 1, 2 or 2.0 fax modem mgetty smart data/fax modem getty fax fax sending and receiving with mgetty+sendfax sendfax submit a facsimile job for transmission sendpage submit a pager job for transmission faxstat for hylafax facsimile server status faxspool queue and convert files for faxing with sendfax faxq display fax jobs queued by faxspool faxrunq send fax jobs queued by faxspool faxrm remove fax jobs queued by faxspool faxalter alter parameters of a queued hylafax job fax2ps convert a tiff facsimile to compressed postscript faxcover generate postscript cover page for outgoing facsimile faxmail hylafax mail-to-fax (postscript) gateway application textfmt convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile gammu does some neat things with your cellular phone or modem # Network File Transfer ####################################################### curl transfer a url (swiss army tool) wget the non-interactive network downloader httrack offline browser : copy websites to a local directory linkchecker check html documents and websites for broken links woof a small, simple, stupid webserver to share files wput wget-like ftp-uploader sftp secure file transfer program ncftp browser program for the file transfer protocol ncftpget internet file transfer program for scripts ncftpput internet file transfer program for scripts ftp copy files between hosts lftp sophisticated file transfer program scp securely copy files between hosts rcp remote file copy uucp system-to-system copy mulk parallel network downloader with filtering and metalink axel light download accelerator (best imo) aria fast download utility (http, ftp, bittorrent, metalink) aria2c the ultra fast download utility http/ftp/bt/metalink ctorrent download bittorrent files from command line rtorrent a bittorrent client for ncurses mktorrent simple bittorrent metainfo file creator bittorrent-downloader download files using a scatter-gather network btdownloadcurses download files using a scatter-gather network amulecmd console-based program to control amule get_flash_videos downloader for flash-based video sites rmtpdump rtmp streaming media client youtube-dl download video from youtube or other video platforms quvi query media tool for parsing flash streams url cclive downloading media streams from youtube and similars nc netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens cryptcat twofish encryption enabled version of nc ncat concatenate and redirect sockets socat multipurpose relay (socket cat) faucet a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes) hose the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes) trickle a lightweight userspace bandwidth shaper # Browser ##################################################################### lynx a general purpose, text-only browser for the www links lynx-like alternative character mode www browser links2 lynx-like alternative character mode www browser elinks lynx-like alternative character mode www browser netrik the antrik internet browser w3m a text based web browser and pager edbrowse text editor and web browser httrack offline browser : copy websites to a local directory surfraw fast search/bookmarks access to various www clients gopher connect to gopher document server # RSS Reader ################################################################## newsbeuter an rss feed reader for text terminals rsstail console based rss news reader canto an ncurses rss reader raggle console rss aggregator olive console rss reader rawdog rss aggregator without delusions of grandeur nrss an ncurses rss reader snownews console rss newsreader # Podcast ##################################################################### hpodder scan and download podcasts podget simple tool to automate downloading of podcasts podracer a podcast aggregator with bittorrent support # Chat ######################################################################## centerim text mode based im client for linux finch instant messaging client (frontend to libpurple) pork console-based aol instant messenger & irc client freetalk a console based jabber client mcabber a simple jabber console client ekg gadu-gadu compatible client BitchX an advanced internet relay chat client irssi a modular irc client for unix weechat wee enhanced environment for chat bitlbee irc gateway to im chat networks epic5 internet relay chat client for unix like systems tinyirc basic irc commands and an curses-based interface ii a minimalistic fifo and filesystem based irc client sic an extremly fast, small and simple irc client tircd an ircd proxy to the twitter api talk talk to another user ytalk multi-user chat program write send a message to another user wall write a message to users mesg control write access to your terminal # EMail ####################################################################### mail minimal client to send and receive mail mailx send and receive internet mail msmtp an smtp client mutt text-based email client alpine internet news and email notmuch thread-based email index, search, and tagging cone read and send e-mail messages elmo the electronic mail operator fetchyahoo retrieve mail from yahoo webmail service urlscan browse the urls in an email message from a terminal # Newsgroups ################################################################## slrn an easy to use nntp / spool based newsreader trn threaded read news program tin usenet newsreader nn efficient net news interface (no news is good news) # Websites #################################################################### shell-fm console-based player for last.fm radio streams google command-line access to (some) google services gcalcli google calendar command line interface episoder tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com youtube-dl download video from youtube or other video platforms get_flash_videos downloader for various flash-based video sites quvi query media tool for parsing flash streams url cclive downloading media streams from youtube and similars twyt command line twitter client bti send a tweet to twitter.com from the command line tircd an ircd proxy to the twitter api twidge microblogging client for twitter, identica weather obtain weather conditions and forecasts # Directories ################################################################# cd change directory pwd print name of current/working directory mkdir make directories rmdir remove empty directories tree list contents of directories in a tree-like format dirdiff display diff and merge changes between directories pushd sh: add directories to stack popd sh: remove dir from stack, changes to the new top dir dirs display directory stack (pushd/popd) # Files ####################################################################### ls list directory contents and files dir briefly list files vdir verbosely list directory contents tree list contents of directories in a tree-like format dircolors color setup for ls df report file system disk space usage dfc display file system space usage using graphs and colors pydf report colourised filesystem disk space usage du estimate file space usage ncdu ncurses disk usage agedu correlate disk usage and last-access times touch create file, change file timestamps fallocate preallocate or deallocate space to a file truncate shrink or extend the size of a file dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records cp copy files and directories mcp copy files by wildcard patterns qcp copy files editing the names in a text editor install copy files and set attributes mv move (rename) files mmv move files by wildcard patterns rename rename files by replacing expressions prename renames multiple files with perl expression qmv rename files editing the names in a text editor convmv converts filenames from one encoding to another vidir edit a directory in your text editor detox clean up filenames rm remove files or directories unlink call the unlink function to remove the specified file shred overwrite a file to hide its contents, and delete it wipe securely erase files from magnetic media gitwipe an utility for wiping files (gnu interactive tools) ln make filesystem links mln link files by wildcard patterns sln link files (statically linked) link create a hard link to a file readlink print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name cleanlinks remove dangling symbolic links and empty directories hardlink Hardinks multiple copies of a file stow software package installation manager (with symlinks) mkfifo create named pipe mknod make block or character special files mktemp create a temporary file or directory flock manage locks from shell scripts basename strip directory and suffix from filenames dirname convert a full pathname to just a path realpath print the resolved path pathchk check whether file names are valid or portable inotifywatch gather filesystem access statistics using inotify inotifywait wait for changes to files using inotify trash trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org trash-list list trashed files trash-restore restore for command line trash utility trash-empty empty for command line trash utility # Pipes ####################################################################### tee read from stdin, write to stdout and files multitee send multiple inputs to multiple outputs pee tee standard input to pipes xargs build and execute command lines from standard input parallel run programs in parallel mispipe pipe two commands returning the exit status of the first pv monitor the progress of data through a pipe sponge soaks up all standard input and write to a file after stdbuf run command with modified buffering for its stdstreams ifne run command if the standard input is not empty ts timestamp input vipe insert a text editor into a pipe # File Attributes ############################################################# umask set default file protections stat display file attributes or file system status touch change file timestamps chown change file owner and group chgrp change group ownership chmod change file mode bits chattr change advanced file attributes on a linux file system lsattr list advanced file attributes on a ext file system getfattr get extended attributes of filesystem objects setfattr set extended attributes of filesystem objects getfacl get file access control lists setfacl set file access control lists test check file types and compare values # File Find ################################################################### find search for files in a directory hierarchy ftff fault tolerant file find utility updatedb update a database for m/slocate locate locate files via index (m/slocate) doodle a tool to search the meta-data in your files which locate a command whereis locate binary, source, and manual page for a command fdupes finds duplicate files in a given set of directories rdfind finds duplicate files findimagedupes finds visually similar or duplicate images hardlink Hardinks multiple copies of a file # File Compare ################################################################ diff compare files line by line zdiff compare compressed files bzdiff compare compressed files diff3 compare three files line by line diffstat make histogram from diff-output rfcdiff compare rfcs or internet drafts or any other text files merge three-way file merge wdiff display word differences between text files sdiff side-by-side merge of file differences mcdiff visual shell for unix-like systems ndiff utility to compare the results of nmap scans bsdiff generate a patch between two binary files rdiff binary diff tool for signature-based differences quilt tool to manage series of patches bspatch apply a patch built with bsdiff patch apply a diff file to an original unify transforms context diffs into unidiffs, or vice-versa combine combine lines from two files using boolean operations comm compare two sorted files line by line cmp compare two files byte by byte zcmp compare compressed files bzcmp compare compressed files cksum checksum and count the bytes in a file sum checksum and count the blocks in a file md5sum compute and check md5 message digest md5pass create an md5 password hash shasum print or check sha checksums rhash print or check ed2k, bittorrent, dc++, and other hashes rahash2 block based hashing utility # Binary Information ########################################################## file determine file type mimetype identify file types mimeopen open files by mimetype mediainfo display information about audio/video files rifle ranger's file opener with special file type checking extract determine meta-information about a file od dump files in octal and other formats xxd make a hexdump or do the reverse (patch) hexdump ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump mcview midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex) dhex hex editor with a diff mode hexedit view and edit files in hexadecimal or in ascii tweak efficient hex editor hte executable's editor bsdiff generate a patch between two binary files bspatch apply a patch built with bsdiff rafind2 find byte patterns into files rahash2 block based hashing utility radiff2 unified binary diffing utility hexdiff hexadecimal visual diff for binary files bbe sed-like editor for binary files dd convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records ddrescue data recovery tool foremost recover files using their headers/footers/structures # File Managers ############################################################### mc midnight commander, visual shell for unix-like systems gitfm gnu interactive tools file manager ranger visual file manager vifm a ncurses based file manager with vi like keybindings clex file manager vfu text-mode file manager for unix/linux pilot simple file browser in the style of the alpine composer # Viewers ##################################################################### mcview midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex) gitview an ascii/hex file viewer (gnu interactive tools) cat concatenate files and print on the standard output mad append files by wildcard patterns tac concatenate and print files in reverse rev reverse characters of lines in file or files spc colorizes text for terminals and html (supercat) lolcat rainbow coloring for text tac concatenate and print files in reverse combine combine lines from two files using boolean operations lnav ncurses-based log file viewer ccze a robust log colorizer zcat expand and concatenate data (gz) bzcat decompresses files to stdout (bz2) xzcat decompresses files to stdout (xz, lzma) less opposite of more zless file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text bzless file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 most browse or page through a text file more file perusal filter for viewing zmore file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text bzmore file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 pg browse pagewise through text files # Editors ##################################################################### mcedit internal file editor of gnu midnight commander vi text editor vim text editor cream set of macros making vim easier to use for beginners emacs gnu project emacs text editor nano a small and friendly text editor jed programmers editor aee another easy editor diakonos a customizable, usable console-based text editor pico simple text editor in the style of the alpine composer zile zile is lossy emacs # Text Utilities ############################################################## truncate shrink/extend the size of a file to the specified size head output the first 10 lines of file tail output the last 10 lines of file multitail browse through several files at once since display content of a file since the last time split split a file into fixed-size pieces lxsplit a simple tool for splitting and joining split files nl number lines of files wc print newline, word, and byte counts for each file ex text editor ed the standard text editor red line-oriented text editor edbrowse text editor and web browser look display lines beginning with a given string grep search files for lines of text matching a pattern egrep print lines matching a pattern (-e) fgrep search files for lines that match a fixed string (-f) rgrep print lines matching a pattern recursively (-r) agrep search a file for a string with approximate matching sgrep search a file for a structured pattern zgrep search compressed files for a regular expression bzgrep search bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression ack ack-grep is designed as a replacement for grep ag the silver searcher - like ack, but faster urlview url extractor/launcher (see urlscan for mails) awk pattern scanning and processing language gawk pattern scanning and processing language mawk pattern scanning and processing language sed stream editor for filtering and transforming text psed a stream editor a2p awk to perl translator s2p sed to perl translator cut extract columns from files join join lines of two files on a common field combine combine lines from two files using boolean operations column columnate lists colrm remove columns from a file rs reshape a data array csplit split a file into context-determined pieces paste append/merge columns tr translate, squeeze or delete characters sort sort lines of text files msort sort records in complex ways tsort perform topological sort shuf write a random permutation of the input lines to stdout unsort reorder lines in a file in semirandom ways tac concatenate and print files in reverse rev reverse characters of lines in file or files uniq report or omit repeated lines tee copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously multitee send multiple inputs to multiple outputs pr convert text files for printing fmt optimally reformat text par filter for reformatting paragraphs fold wrap each input line to fit in specified width expand convert tabs to spaces unexpand convert spaces to tabs uchardet universalchardet (Universal Charset Detector) recode converts files between character sets iconv convert encoding of given files unaccent remove accents from input stream or a string sq squeeze a sorted word list unsq unsqueeze a sorted word list csvtool tool for performing manipulations on csv files xmlstarlet command line xml/xslt toolkit # Print ####################################################################### lp send files to a printer lpr print files lpq show printer queue status lpstat print cups status information lprm remove print jobs lpmove move a job or all jobs to a new destination cancel cancel cups print jobs lpc line printer control program ink tool for checking the ink level of your printers lpadmin configure cups printers and classes lpoptions display or set cups printer options and defaults cupsaccept accept jobs sent to a destination cupsreject reject jobs sent to a destination cupsdisable stop printers and classes cupsenable start printers and classes paperconfig configure the system default paper size # Compression ################################################################# dtrx cleanly extract many archive types atool a script for managing file archives of various types patool portable archive file manager gitunpack gnu interactive tools - unified archive unpacking ar create, modify, and extract from archives tar the gnu version of the tar archiving utility cpio copy files to and from archives 7z a file archiver with highest compression ratio gzip compress files (gnu zip) pigz parallel compress files (gnu zip) bzip2 a block-sorting file compressor lz provides a listing of a tar.gz archive gunzip expand files (gnu zip) unpigz parallel decompress files (gnu zip) bunzip2 a block-sorting file decompressor gzexe compress executable files in place bzexe compress executable files in place compress compress and expand data pbzip2 parallel bzip2 file compressor lzip reduces the size of files pax portable archive interchange rar archive files with compression unrar extract files from rar archives compress compress data uncompress expand files shar create shell archives unshar unpack a shar file unace extract, test and view ace archives uuencode encode a binary file uudecode decode a file created by uuencode base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output xz compress or decompress xz and lzma files lzma lzma compression and decompression tool lzma2 lzma compression and decompression tool zoo manipulate archives of files in compressed form pxz parallel lzma compressor compatible with xz zip compress files (windows zip) cabextract extract files from microsoft cabinet (cab) zrun automatically uncompress arguments to command # Encryption ################################################################## gpg openpgp encryption and signing tool gpgv verify openpgp signatures crypt encrypt or decrypt files (wrapper for mcrypt) mcrypt encrypt files, several algorythms bcrypt blowfish file encryption ccrypt encrypt and decrypt using rijndael block cipher (aes) scrypt encrypt or decrypt files aespipe aes encrypting or decrypting pipe openssl openssl command line tool enc symmetric cipher routines stunnel universal ssl tunnel cryptcat twofish encryption enabled version of nc rsyncrypto rsync friendly encryption encfs mounts or creates an encrypted virtual filesystem encfsctl administrative tool for working with encfs filesystems stegdetect finds image files with steganographic content stegbreak launches brute-force dictionary attacks on jpg image steghide a steganography program # Backup ###################################################################### mt control magnetic tape drive operation dump ext2/3/4 filesystem backup restore restore files or filesystem from backups made with dump tar read write tape archives par2 par 2.0 compatible file verification and repair tool unison user level file-synchronization tool rsync a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool rsyncrypto rsync friendly encryption duplicity encrypted incremental backup to local or remote storage backup-manager an easy to use backup tool for your linux box rdist remote file distribution client program rdup generate a file list suitable for making backups tarsnap manipulate remote encrypted backups vbackup a modular backup program venti client for sha1-addressed block storage server bbackupctl control the box backup client daemon # CD/DVD/BluRay ############################################################### mkisofs create an hybrid iso9660 joliet hfs filesystem genisoimage create iso9660/joliet/hfs filesystem growisofs combined frontend to cd/dvd/bluray recording program cdw frontend to cdrecord/mkisofs/growisofs and other tools cdrdao reads and writes cds in disc-at-once mode cdrecord burn a cd xorriso creates and manipulates iso filesystem with rockridge bchunk cd image format conversion from bin/cue to iso/cdr burn record from various sources to optical media (cd, dvd) mp3burn burn audio cds from mp3, ogg vorbis, or flac files bashburn a bash script cd burner writer mybashburn burn data cds/dvds and create mp3/ogg/flac dvdauthor assembles multiple mpeg into a suitable dvd filesystem cdparanoia cdda reading tool with extra data verification features abcde a better cd encoder, grabs cd to ogg/speex/mp3/flac/etc crip a terminal-based ripper/encoder/tagger tool jack rip and encode cds with one command cdda2ogg extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in ogg cdda2mp3 extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in mp3 ripit make flac/ogg/mp3/m4a/aac/als/mp4/mpc/wv/etc from cd ocp open cubic music player cdcd command driven cd player cplay a front-end for various audio players mcdp a small cdplayer for linux workbone interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd cdctrl command line cdrom control cdeject ejects the current compact disc cdclose closes the cdrom tray cdir lists infos about the currently loaded audio cd cdinfo print out the audiostatus (playing, etc) cdpause pauses/resumes the currently playing compact disc cdplay plays the compact disc cdstop stops the compact disc cdvolume sets the output volume level of the cd player (0-255) cdshuffle plays the audio tracks on the disc in random order cdadd add information for a new cd to .cdtooldb cdown query cddb database for info on a disc # Numbers and Math ############################################################ qalc powerful and easy to use command line calculator bc an arbitrary precision calculator language dc an arbitrary precision calculator calc arbitrary precision calculator mathomatic a computer algebra system wcalc a natural-expression command-line calculator numfmt convert numbers from/to human-readable strings rax2 convert between (signed) int, float, oct, bin and hex units convert units from one scale to another numgrep the numeric equivilent of the grep utility numprocess this program mutates numbers as it encounters them numsum take the first numbers on stdin and return the sum numaverage find the average of a set of numbers numbound find boundary numbers in files or stdin numnormalize normalize a set of numbers, by default between 0 and 1 numinterval show the numeric intervals between each line in a file numround rounds off numbers it encounters. seq print a sequence of numbers numrange print out a range of numbers for use in for loops jot print sequential or random data ent pseudorandom number sequence test numrandom print out a random number factor factor numbers primes display all primes (primes.pl) primes.6 generate primes sc spreadsheet calculator gnuplot an interactive plotting program maxima common lisp version of macsyma symbolic mathematics octave matlab like language for numerical computations R a language for data analysis and graphics # Date and Time ############################################################### date print or set the system date and time cal displays a calendar and the date of easter ncal cal with an alternative layout gcal a program for calculating and printing calendars gcalcli google calendar command line interface ddate convert gregorian dates to discordian dates pcal generate postscript or html calendars saydate audio date/uptime check saytime audio time check # Schedule #################################################################### sleep wait for some time watch execute a program periodically, showing output chronic runs a command quietly unless it fails wait await process completion flock manage locks from shell scripts lckdo run a program with a lock held shush run a command and optionally report its output by mail inotifywait wait for changes to files using inotify entr run arbitrary commands when files change fsniper watch directories and apply rules to created files timeout run a command with a time limit crontab maintain crontab files for individual users at executes commands at a specified time atq lists the user pending jobs atrm remove jobs fom the later execution queue batch executes commands when system load levels permit # Office ###################################################################### wordgrinder console-based word processor antiword show the text and images of ms word documents abook text-based address book program hnb hierarchical notebook worklog keeping track of time spent on different projects tpp text presentation program xsw slide show presentation tool ledger command-line accounting sc spreadsheet calculator slsc s-langauge port of the sc spreadsheet teapot table editor and planner oleo the gnu spreadsheet program ssconvert a command line spreadsheet format converter ssindex generate index data for spreadsheet files ssgrep search spreadsheets for strings ssdiff compare two spreadsheets dbview view dbase 3 files gv postscript and pdf viewer xdvi dvi previewer for the x window system For note-taking, you might also want to have a look at: - [org-mode](http://orgmode.org) - [vimoutliner](https://github.com/vimoutliner/vimoutliner) # Spelling #################################################################### spell check spelling in batch aspell check spelling interactively ispell check spelling in batch or interactively goldendict a feature-rich dictionary lookup program dict dict protocol client sdcv console version of stardict program aiksaurus english-language thesaurus wtf translates acronyms for you an anagram generator wordplay anagram finder # Publishing ################################################################## gs ghostscript, a postscript and pdf interpreter/previewer fbgs postscript/pdf viewer for the framebuffer console latex structured text formatting and typesetting tex text formatting and typesetting etex extended tex latexdiff determine and markup differences between two latex files latexmk generate latex document dblatex convert docbook to latex, dvi, postscript, and pdf psselect select pages from a postscript file mf metafont, a language for font and logo design pdftex pdf output from tex mutool all purpose tool for dealing with pdf files pdfjam a shell script for manipulating pdf files pdftk a handy tool for manipulating pdf pdfunite pdf page merger pdffonts pdf font analyzer pdfimages pdf image extractor pdfinfo pdf document information extractor pdfseparate pdf page extractor pdftocairo pdf to png/jpeg/pdf/ps/eps/svg using cairo pdftohtml program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png pdftoppm pdf to portable pixmap (ppm) converter pdftops pdf to postscript converter pdftotext pdf to text converter diffpdf compare two pdf files textually or visually # Task Managers ############################################################### task taskwarrior, a command line todo manager tudu command line hierarchical todo list remind a sophisticated reminder service wyrd front-end to remind gcalcli google calendar command line interface calcurse text-based organizer pal calendar with events when a minimalistic personal calendar program devtodo a reminder/task program aimed at developers tdl to do list manager todo.sh minimal, todo.txt focused task manager w2do a simple text-based todo manager yokadi commandline todo system episoder tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com # Conversion ################################################################## dos2unix dos/mac to unix text file format converter isutf8 check whether files are valid utf-8 iconv convert encoding of given files recode converts files between character sets utf8tolatin1 reads utf-8 encoded text and writes latin1 groff front-end for the groff document formatting system troff the troff processor of the groff text formatting system nroff emulate nroff command with groff deroff remove roff and preprocessor constructs eqn format equations for troff or mathml neqn format equations for ascii output tbl format tables for troff col filter reverse line feeds from input catdvi dvi to plain text converter gv postscript and pdf viewer odt2txt a simple converter from opendocument text to plain text o3read dump of an openoffice.org document parse tree o3tohtml convert files in openoffice.org format to html o3totxt convert files in openoffice.org format to text catdoc outputs word doc file content as plain text docx2txt convert microsoft ooxml files to plain text abiword flexible word processor documents converter antiword show the text and images of ms word documents xls2csv output ms-excel file as comma-separated values xlsx2csv convert xslx xml files to csv format xlhtml convert excel xls files to html ssconvert spreadsheet format converter (gnumeric) ppthtml convert powerpoint ppt files to html stx2any converter from structured text to multiple formats pandoc general markup converter unhtml strip the html formatting html2text an advanced html-to-text converter html2markdown converts html to markdown-formatted text asciidoc converts an asciidoc text file to html or docbook markdown convert markdown syntax to (x)html ttm tex/latex to mathml converter txt2tags text formatting and conversion tool txt2man convert flat ascii text to man page format txt2html convert plain text file to html textfmt convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile txt2pdbdoc text to doc file converter for palm pilots img2txt convert images to various text-based coloured files cacaview ascii image browser asciiview a high quality ascii art image viewer gnuhtml2latex html to latex converter csv2latex convert a csv file into a latex document sgml2latex create latex, dvi, ps or pdf output from an sgml file chm2pdf a tool convert chm to pdf format unoconv convert documents from/to libreoffice format jodconverter import/export documents using the libreoffice filters ps2ascii ghostscript translator from postscript or pdf to ascii ps2pdf convert postscript to pdf using ghostscript vilistextum html to ascii converter wvWare convert msword documents rst2pdf convert restructuredtext documents to pdf # ASCII Art ################################################################### figlet display text with an ascii art charset toilet display large colourful characters cowsay configurable speaking/thinking cow (and a bit more) cadubi creative ascii drawing utility lolcat rainbow coloring for text cacaview ascii image browser asciiview a high quality ascii art image viewer linux_logo color ansi penguin logo with system information screenfetch the bash screenshot information tool # Images ###################################################################### fbi framebuffer imageviewer fim fbi (linux framebuffer imageviewer) improved findimagedupes finds visually similar or duplicate images identify describes the format and characteristics of images fbgrab takes a screenshot using the framebuffer device gifsicle manipulates gif images and animations pngcrush optimizes, or modifies, png files optipng advanced optimization program for gm graphicsmagick is a set of tools to manipulate images convert convert/resize/blur/crop/despeckle/dither/etc image mogrify inplace convert/edit/resize/blur/crop/etc an image icotool convert and create win32 icon and cursor files rdjpgcom display text comments from a jpeg file wrjpgcom insert text comments into a jpeg file cjpeg compress an image file to a jpeg file djpeg decompress a jpeg file to an image file jpegtran lossless transformation of jpeg files jp2a convert jpeg images to ascii exif shows exif information in jpeg files exiftool read and write meta information in media files exiftran transform/rotate digital camera jpeg images exifcom set/display user comment tag contained in a jpeg exif exiftags output the properties contained in a jpeg exif section exiftime display/adjust the date and time exif tags exifprobe probe and report exif structure and metadata content exifgrep select and reformat the output of exifprobe jhead digicam jpeg exif header manipulation tool gle graphics layout engine simple-scan scanning utility scanimage scan an image gocr command line text recognition tool tesseract command-line ocr engine album themable html photo album generator gphotofs filesystem to mount digital cameras qrencode encode data in a qr code as a png or eps image # Vector Graphics ############################################################# dot filter for drawing directed graphs neato filter for drawing undirected graphs twopi filter for radial layouts of graphs circo filter for circular layout of graphs fdp filter for drawing undirected graphs sfdp filter for drawing large undirected graphs patchwork filter for tree maps asy asymptote: a script-based vector graphics language inkscape svg (scalable vector graphics) editing program rasterizer svg conversion to png, jpeg and pdf potrace transform bitmaps into vector graphics # 3D ########################################################################## aqsis aqsis renderer adhering to the renderman standard povray the persistence of vision ray tracer # Videos ###################################################################### mplayer video/audio player/streamer mencoder video decoding, encoding and filtering tool vlc video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder xine a free video player xine-remote a small tool to connect xine remote control server avplay avplay media player avconv avconv video converter avprobe avprobe media prober avidemux a free video editor mpgtx manipulate mpeg files mplex mpeg 1/2 program/system stream multiplexer ffmpeg ffmpeg video converter mediainfo display information about audio/video files imdb calls any of the imdb functions imdb-get looks up imdb data for a film imdb-link links films based on their genre imdb-rename renames files based on their title imdb-fxd creates fxd files from the imdb cache for freevo imdb-update-cache updates the imdb cache for a given directory # Audio and Music ############################################################# mplayer video/audio player/streamer vlc video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder sox the swiss army knife of audio manipulation oggenc encode audio into the ogg vorbis format flac encoding, decoding, testing and analyzing flac streams lame create mp3 audio files mediainfo display information about audio/video files exfalso tag editor for mp3/ogg/flac/musepack/wavpack/mod/xm/it id3 id3 tag editor id3v2 add/change/remove/view id3v2 tags, converts/lists id3v1 id3tool a command line editor for id3 tags id3ed edit id3 description tags in mpeg3 files mussort sort music files into folders # Audio Players ############################################################### mplayer video/audio player/streamer vlc video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder ocp open cubic music player mpc program for controlling music player daemon (mpd) ncmpc curses music player daemon (mpd) client audtty control audacious from cli with a ncurses interface xmms2 command-line interface to the xmms2 daemon cmus curse music player moosic a command-line client for the moosic jukebox system play sox invoked as play outputs to the default sound device bplay buffered sound playing ogg123 plays ogg vorbis files mpg123 play audio mpeg 1.0/2.0/2.5 stream (layers 1, 2 and 3) mpg321 simple and lightweight command line mp3 player splay mpeg-1,2 audio layer 1,2,3 file player madplay decode and play mpeg audio stream(s) audiopreview play audio, video, and internet media streams herrie interactive music playlist player mp3blaster an interactive text-console based mp3 player mocp console audio player mpc123 your handy musepack audio player orpheus text mode menu and window-driven audio player pytone music jukebox for your audio files yauap audio player based on the gstreamer framework mikmod play soundtracker modules on a unix machine xmp extended module player cdcd command driven cd player cplay a front-end for various audio players mcdp a small cdplayer for linux workbone interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd shell-fm console-based player for last.fm radio streams # Audio Editing ############################################################### sox the swiss army knife of audio manipulation ecasound sample editor, multitrack recorder, fx-processor, etc rec sox invoked as rec set default sound device as input brec buffered sound recording snd a sound editor gramofile sample and process analog recordings quelcom command line editing tools for mp3 and wav files qmp3check check and clean mp3 streams qmp3cut extract, delete parts of a mp3 file cutmp3 a fast and leightweight mp3 editor fadecut rip audiostreams, cut, fade in/out and tag audiofiles qmp3info show info from mp3 files arename automatically rename audio files by tagging information qmp3join join mp3 files qmp3report report mp3 files and directories qwavinfo show info from wav files qwavjoin join wav files qwavcut extract, delete parts of a wav file qwavsilence detect and shrink silence sequences in wav files qwavfade fade in/out wav files qwavheaderdump dump and fix wav headers normalize-audio adjusts volume levels of audio files # Midi ######################################################################## timidity midi-to-wave converter and player pmidi midi file player for alsa playmidi full-featured midi player using the voxware driver arecordmidi record standard midi files abc2midi converts abc file to midi midi2abc program to convert midi format files to abc notation abcm2ps translate abc music notation to postscript or svg # Text to Speech ############################################################## espeak a multi-lingual software speech synthesizer festival a text-to-speech system saydate audio date/uptime check saytime audio time check # Games ####################################################################### adventure an exploration game nethack exploring the mazes of menace slashem exploring the mazes of menace rogue exploring the dungeons of doom crawl the roguelike game of crawl battlestar a tropical adventure game phantasia an interterminal fantasy game wump hunt the wumpus in an underground cave bastet tetris(r) clone with "bastard" block-choosing ai pytris two players console tetris game tetris-bsd the game of tetris greed eat a game field until you run out of moves moon-buggy drive some car across the moon ninvaders ncurses version of space invaders overkill bloody 2d action deathmatch-like game in ascii-art worm play the growing worm game snake display chase game atc air traffic controller game robots fight off villainous robots hunt a multi-player multi-terminal game wargames shall we play a game? canfield the solitaire card game canfield cribbage the card game cribbage mille play mille bornes monop monopoly game backgammon the game of backgammon sail multi-user wooden ships and iron men trek trekkie game boggle word search game hangman computer version of the game hangman gtypist typing tutor for different keyboards and languages arithmetic quiz on simple arithmetic quiz random knowledge tests fortune print a random, hopefully interesting, adage display-dhammapada display a verse from the dhammapada # Screensavers ################################################################ cmatrix simulates the display from the matrix movie rain animated raindrops display tty-clock a terminal digital clock binclock prints time in binary format # Other ####################################################################### echo display a line of text printf format and print data getopt parse command options expect automate applications accessed over a terminal expr evaluate expressions yes output a string repeatedly until killed true do nothing, successfully false do nothing, unsuccessfully ifetch image collection tool for ip cameras of ifetch-tools rig random identity generator pwgen generate pronounceable passwords makepasswd generate and/or encrypt passwords pwsafe password database utility gringotts secure password and data storage manager clamscan scan files and directories for viruses llines lifelines genealogy program, gedcom format # X Windows ################################################################### xinput utility to configure and test x input devices xvidtune adjust x server origin and size xcalib tiny monitor calibration loader for x xev x event viewer setxkbmap set the keyboard using the x keyboard extension xmodmap set/modify keymaps and pointer button mappings in x xhost server access control program for x xsetroot root window parameter setting utility for x import window/screenshot xset user preference utility for x xrdb x server resource database utility appres list x application resource database listres list resources in widgets editres a dynamic resource editor for x toolkit applications xlsfonts server font list displayer for x xfontsel point and click selection of x11 font names xfd display all the characters in an x font fc-scan scan font files or directories fc-cache build font information cache files fc-cat read font information cache files fc-list list available fonts fc-query query font files fc-match match available fonts fc-pattern parse and show pattern mimeopen open files by mimetype xdg-open opens a file or url in the user preferred application exo-open open urls and launch preferred applications (xfce) gnome-open open files and urls using the gnome file handlers dmenu dynamic menu, manages huge numbers defined menu items notify-send a program to send desktop notifications xmessage display a message/query in a window (x-based /bin/echo) dialog display curses dialog boxes from shell scripts kdialog show kde dialog boxes from shell scripts zenity display gtk+ dialogs osd_cat x on-screen file displayer xclip command line interface to x selections (clipboard) xclipboard x clipboard client devilspie perform actions on windows as they are created xdotool command-line x11 automation tool xnee records, replays x11 data on multiple displays xbindkeys grab key and mouse events in x and starts shell commands xte generates fake input using the xtest extension x2x use keyboard and mouse from an x display on antoher x wmctrl interact with a ewmh/netwm compatible x window manager xtrlock lock X display until password supplied dbus-send send a message to a desktop bus dbus-monitor debug probe to print desktop bus messages qdbus a communication-interface for qt-based applications xrandr primitive command line interface to randr extension xprop property displayer for x xdpyinfo display information utility for x xwininfo window information utility for x xdriinfo query configuration information of dri drivers xvinfo print out x-video extension adaptor information glxinfo show information about the glx implementation Xvfb virtual framebuffer x server without the hardware trash trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org trash-list list trashed files trash-restore restore for command line trash utility trash-empty empty for command line trash utility xmag magnify parts of the screen # Funny ####################################################################### axe tools to improve network performance via snip baby create new process from two parents bosskill send a signal to your boss, or terminate your boss c genericised softdrink generator (coffee, coke etc) celibacy don't have sex chainsaw tools to improve network performance via snip chastise library function to punish users condom protects against viruses and child processes ctluser control lusers cutter tools to improve network performance via snip egrope massage a file for a while fgrope massage a file for a while flame reply to usenet news posting automatically flog speed up a process gong evaluate process performance grope massage a file for a while guru system administration knife tools to improve network performance via snip lart luser attitude readjustment tool luser process to control the clueless individuals normality defines types of normality different users may have nuke launch nuclear weapons at mapped usenet sites party set os responses mode people fetch a list of all ttys behaving like a human pmsd periodically manic system daemon rescrog change something, make it different rtfm a response for easy questions from clueless lusers sex have sex slave a semi-interactive command for the dirty work strfry string operation sysadmin responsible for everything imaginable think you dont have to think, computers can think for you tm meditate uubp unix-to-unix beer protocol whack mangle requests to a printer or damage a printer xkill kill processes or users, including usenet poster xlart interactive x interface to rlart -------------------------------------------------------------------------------