Help stopping any version of Windows 10 from phoning home without removing anything from the system or changing any system policies.

You can install Peerblock, which can be downloaded from here [http://www.peerblock.com].

Peerblock guidance -
Image Album - http://imgur.com/a/IBq2X

Notes -
Windows Update will still work correctly, Peerblock will not block it.
Peerblock can be configured to only block Microsoft IPs using the Microsoft IP list.
You might want to include the Bogon IP list, however it is not perfect, it may block websites you're trying to access.

View the log & right click anything that was blocked to be given the option to unblock it permanently.
If websites & other programs you use continuously get blocked, just remove all lists except the Microsoft IP list. 

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You can optionally install a firewall, TinyWall is recommended, which can be downloaded from here [http://tinywall.pados.hu/download.php].

TinyWall guidance -
1: General tab should look like this https://i.imgur.com/BwE0yDd.png (note that a password is set)
2: Applications exceptions tab should look similar to this https://i.imgur.com/WOOf5yt.png (make sure it only has what you want on it)
3: Special exceptions tab should look like this https://i.imgur.com/ZKQ4Z57.png

Notes -
Remember that you can view connections being made & blocked using TinyWall, pic related https://i.imgur.com/JKcytnm.png
This means it will be easy for you to check that everything is okay, and unblock or block things.
Remember that TinyWall can whitelist many different ways, the easiest of all allowing the user to just click the window of the program they want to whitelist.

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You can optionally use Proxifier, which can be downloaded from here [https://anonfiles.com/file/508357479f3c2d43a282639a2d26ac8d].
Note - Proxifier is portable, so extract it somewhere like program files.

Proxifier guidance -
Run Proxifier & enter the key provided in the download to fully activate the program.
In the main GUI, click profile, proxification rules, then click add.
It is at this window [https://i.imgur.com/zzERwj0.png] that you can choose what needs to be blocked based on IP, process name, or port.
You can ask in the Windows 10 General for suggestions on what to block using Proxifier rules.