\documentclass[10pt,twoside]{report}
\usepackage{etex}
\reserveinserts{28}
\usepackage[left=6cm,right=1cm,showframe=false,				    % page settings (showframe is useful!)
    textheight=27cm,
    top=1.5cm,bottom=1.5cm,asymmetric=true,bindingoffset=1cm]{geometry}               
\usepackage{amsmath}                   		    % mathematical content
\usepackage{amssymb}                   		    % mathematical content
\usepackage[amsmath,standard,framed,thmmarks]{ntheorem} % custom enumerations *Needs to stay here, otherwise cross references can go wrong*
\usepackage{ifthen}                         	% conditionals
\usepackage{xcolor}                         	% colour
\usepackage{answers}                        	% solutions to problems done *beautifully*
%\usepackage[nosolutionfiles]{answers}
\usepackage{framed}				                % needed for putting boxes round theorems, examples	
\usepackage[explicit]{titlesec}
\usepackage{multicol}                          	% multicols
\usepackage{changepage}                       	% needed for hanging paragraphs
\usepackage{calc}                              	% calculations (such as \textwidth/2)
\usepackage{fancyhdr}                           % headers & footers
\usepackage[small,bf]{caption}                 	% figures/tables in margins, and not floating
\usepackage{subcaption}                         % subfigures, subtables (replaces subfig)
\usepackage{xstring}                            % needed to determine if problems are odd or even
\usepackage{enumitem}                           % enumerate & itemize
\usepackage{placeins}                           % FloatBarrier
\usepackage{minitoc}                            % mini-table of contents
\usepackage{marginfix}                          % fixes margin notes (otherwise they can cut through pages)
\usepackage{needspace}                          % needed to keep problems looking good (stops ugly pagebreaks)
\usepackage{xargs}                              % helps with optional arguments for environments
\usepackage{booktabs}       % used with tables (allows \toprulewidth etc)
\usepackage{flafter}	      % ensures that floats don't appear until after their placement in the text
% pstricks
\usepackage[pdf]{pstricks}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
% load the hyperref last
\usepackage{hyperref}           % to allow hyper refs in the final pdf document

                                % hyperref NEEDS TO STAY AT THE END!
\usepackage[all]{hypcap}        % needed to help hyperlinks direct correctly;
                                % note that this needs to be loaded AFTER
                                % the hyperref package; the option [all]
                                % makes hyperlinks to figures & tables go 
                                % to the top
\usepackage{cleveref}       % needs to be loaded after hyperref

% hyperref settings- it seemed to work better here rather than
% as options to the \usepackage call above
\hypersetup{colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=blue%,breaklinks=true
}

\psset{algebraic=true}           % set up options for PS figures

% custom ps options
\newpsobject{pccpsplot}{psplot}{linecolor=blue,plotstyle=curve,%
                                linewidth=1pt,arrows=<->}
\newpsobject{pccgridline}{psline}{linecolor=black!20,linestyle=dashed}
\newpsobject{pccpsframe}{psframe}{linecolor=gray,linewidth=0pt}
\newpsobject{pccpsSolDot}{psdots}{linecolor=blue,dotsize=0.25}
\newpsobject{pccpsHolDot}{psdots}{linecolor=blue,dotsize=0.25,dotstyle=o}
\newpsobject{pccasymptote}{psline}{linestyle=dotted,linecolor=red}

% grid stuff
\newcommand{\drawXgrid}[3]{%
                       \multido{\nx=#1+#2}{#3}%
                       {%
                        \pccgridline(\nx,\ymin)(\nx,\ymax)
                       }%
}
\newcommand{\drawYgrid}[3]{%
                       \multido{\ny=#1+#2}{#3}%
                       {%
                        \pccgridline(\xmin,\ny)(\xmax,\ny)
                       }%
}


% set figure width

\newlength{\figurewidth}
% setwindow command: takes 6 arguments (1st is optional)
%		[1]. aspect ratio (height = aspect ratio * width) default=1
%		  2. xmin (number)
%         3. ymin (number)
%		  4. xmax (number)
%		  5. ymax (number)
%		  6. figurewidth (length)
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\setwindow}[6][1]{\def\xmin{#2}%
                           \def\ymin{#3}%
                           \def\xmax{#4}%
                           \def\ymax{#5}%
                           % set up xunit
                           \pstFPsub\viewingwidth{#4}{#2}%
			               \pstFPdiv\result{\strip@pt#6}{\viewingwidth}%
                           \psset{xunit=\result pt}
                           % set up yunit
                           \pstFPsub\viewingheight{#5}{#3}%
			               \pstFPdiv\result{\strip@pt#6}{\viewingheight}%
                           % set up aspect ratio
			               \pstFPmul\result{\result}{#1}%
                           \psset{yunit=\result pt}%
                           }
\makeatother

% caption settings
\captionsetup[table]{skip=0pt}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=parens,labelsep=colon,labelfont=normal}
\captionsetup[subtable]{labelformat=parens,labelsep=colon,labelfont=normal}

% enumerate settings
\setlist{itemsep=0.05em,topsep=0.01em}

% paragraph settings
\setlength{\parskip}{3.0mm}
\setlength{\parindent}{0.0mm}

% use left margin
\reversemarginpar
\setlength{\marginparwidth}{5cm}

% Define fix command
% 	- it puts a comment in the margin
% 	- it writes to a file with a list of things that need fixing
\newcommand{\fixthis}[1]%
{%
 \marginpar{\huge \color{red} \framebox{FIX}}%
\typeout{FIXTHIS: p\thepage : #1^^J}%
}

%   BEGIN CLEVEREF

% standard environments
\crefname{table}{Table}{Tables}
\Crefname{table}{Table}{Tables}
\crefname{figure}{Figure}{Figures}
\Crefname{figure}{Figure}{Figures}
\crefname{section}{Section}{Sections}
\Crefname{section}{Section}{Sections}
\crefname{equation}{Equation}{Equations}
\Crefname{equation}{Equation}{Equations}
% custom environments
\crefname{problem}{Problem}{Problems}
\Crefname{problem}{Problem}{Problems}
\crefname{pccdefinition}{Definition}{Definitions}
\Crefname{pccdefinition}{Definition}{Definitions}
\crefname{pccexample}{Example}{Examples}
\Crefname{pccexample}{Example}{Examples}
\crefname{enumi}{Problem}{Problems}
\Crefname{enumi}{Problem}{Problems}
% conjunction between range; e.g Figures 1.2-1.3
\newcommand{\crefrangeconjunction}{|}

%   BEGIN MARGIN ENVIRONMENTS (shamelessly copied from tufte documentclass)
\makeatletter
% Margin float environment
\newsavebox{\@tufte@margin@floatbox}
\newenvironment{@tufte@margin@float}[2][-1.2ex]%
  {\FloatBarrier% process all floats before this point so the figure/table numbers stay in order.
  \begin{lrbox}{\@tufte@margin@floatbox}%
  \begin{minipage}{\marginparwidth}%
    \def\@captype{#2}%
    \hbox{}\vspace*{#1}%
    \noindent%
  }
  {\end{minipage}%
  \end{lrbox}%
  \marginpar{\usebox{\@tufte@margin@floatbox}}%
  }
    
% Margin figure environment
\newenvironment{marginfigure}[1][-1.2ex]%
  {\begin{@tufte@margin@float}[#1]{figure}%
   \capstart\endgraf}% <-- Hyperlink jumps to start of 'marginfigure'
  {\end{@tufte@margin@float}}
    
% Margin table environment
\newenvironment{margintable}[1][-1.2ex]%
  {\begin{@tufte@margin@float}[#1]{table}%
   \capstart\endgraf}% <-- Hyperlink jumps to start of 'margintable'
  {\end{@tufte@margin@float}}
    
\makeatother
%   END MARGIN ENVIRONMENTS

%   BEGIN SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
% open the answer files (short, long, and hints)
\Opensolutionfile{shortsolutions}
\Newassociation{shortsolution}{shortSoln}{shortsolutions}

% put titles in the solution files
\begin{Filesave}{shortsolutions}
% SHORT SOLUTIONS FILE
% Begin by (re-)setting the chapter counter to 0
% which is used for hyperlinks from solutions to questions
% 
% This allows us to put Problem 1, 2, 3, etc in every chapter
% as the hyperlinks have the form \hypertarget{soln:#1\thechapter}{}
\section*{Answers}
\setcounter{chapter}{0}

\end{Filesave}
%   END SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS

%   BEGIN CUSTOM THEOREMS (for problems, subproblems)
% set up showoddsolns and showEVEN
\newboolean{showoddsolns}
\setboolean{showoddsolns}{true}
\newboolean{showevensolns}
\setboolean{showevensolns}{true}

% this boolean is used in the problem and subproblem definition
\newboolean{showSolution}
\setboolean{showSolution}{true}

% PROBLEM environment
% \begin{problem}[1][2]
%   ...
% \end{problem}
% 
%  [1]: description of the problem
%  [2]: special
%
% Both arguments are optional; the second argument
% can be left off, empty, or special. If it is non-empty
% and anything other than special (case-sensitive), it 
% will be ignored.
\newcounter{problem}
\newcommand{\specialsymbol}{$\bigstar$ }
\newlength{\specialsymbollength}
\settowidth{\specialsymbollength}{\specialsymbol}
\newenvironmentx{problem}[2][1={},2={},usedefault]{%
    \refstepcounter{problem}%
    \Writetofile{shortsolutions}{\protect\hypertarget{soln:\theproblem:\thechapter}{}}%
    \needspace{\baselineskip}%
    \ifthenelse{\isodd{\theproblem}}% 
        {%
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showoddsolns}}%
            {}% true (by default)
            {\setboolean{showSolution}{false}}%
        }%
        {%
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showevensolns}}%
            {}% true (by default)
            {\setboolean{showSolution}{false}}%
        }%
    \ifthenelse{\equal{#2}{}}%
    {%  NOT special problem
        % if no second argument (special or not)
        \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}%
        {% Problem withOUT description
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showSolution}}%
            {%
                {\hypertarget{prob:\theproblem:\thechapter}{}%
                 {{\bfseries Problem \hypersetup{linkcolor=black}\hyperlink{soln:\theproblem:\thechapter}{\theproblem}}}\newline}%
            }%
            {%
                 {\bfseries Problem \theproblem}\newline%
            }%
        }%
        {% Problem with description
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showSolution}}%
            {%
                {\hypertarget{prob:\theproblem:\thechapter}{}%
                 {{\bfseries Problem \hypersetup{linkcolor=black}\hyperlink{soln:\theproblem:\thechapter}{\theproblem} \,(#1)}}\newline}%
            }%
            {%
                 {\bfseries Problem \theproblem\, (#1) }\newline%
            }%
        }%
    }%
    {%  special problem
        \ifthenelse{\equal{#2}{special}}%
        {%
            % write problem number to specialfile
            \addcontentsline{prb}{}{\theproblem}%
            \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}%
            {%  special problem with no description
                \ifthenelse{\boolean{showSolution}}%
                {% 
                    {\hypertarget{prob:\theproblem:\thechapter}{}%
                     {\hspace{-\specialsymbollength}\specialsymbol{\bfseries Problem \hypersetup{linkcolor=black}\hyperlink{soln:\theproblem:\thechapter}{\theproblem}}}\newline}%
                }%
                {% 
                    \hspace{-\specialsymbollength}\specialsymbol{\bfseries Problem \theproblem}\newline%
                }%
            }%
            {% special problem with description
                \ifthenelse{\boolean{showSolution}}%
                {% with links
                    {\hypertarget{prob:\theproblem:\thechapter}{}%
                     {\hspace{-\specialsymbollength}\specialsymbol{\bfseries Problem \hypersetup{linkcolor=black}\hyperlink{soln:\theproblem:\thechapter}{\theproblem} \,(#1)}}\newline}%
                }%
                {%  no links
                     \hspace{-\specialsymbollength}\specialsymbol{\bfseries Problem \theproblem\, (#1) }\newline%
                }%
            }%
        }{ \textbf{Problem} \theproblem \, (#1) {\bf\huge\color{red}special?}\par}%
    }%
}%
{%
}%

% subproblem environment
\newcounter{subproblem}[problem]
\newboolean{specialproblemYesNo}
\setboolean{specialproblemYesNo}{false}
\newenvironment{subproblem}[1][]{%
    \refstepcounter{subproblem}%
        \ifthenelse{\isodd{\theproblem}}% 
        {%
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showoddsolns}}%
            {}% true (by default)
            {\setboolean{showSolution}{false}}%
        }%
        {%
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showevensolns}}%
            {}% true (by default)
            {\setboolean{showSolution}{false}}%
        }%
        \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{special}}%
        {%
            \setboolean{specialproblemYesNo}{true}%
        }%
        {%
            \setboolean{specialproblemYesNo}{false}%
        }%
        \ifthenelse{\boolean{specialproblemYesNo}}%
        {% special problem
            \addcontentsline{prb}{}{\theproblem.\thesubproblem}%
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showSolution}}%
            {%  hyperlink to solution
                \hypertarget{prob:{\theproblem.\thesubproblem}:\thechapter}{}%
                \hypersetup{linkcolor=black}%
                \begin{enumerate}[label=\llap{$\bigstar$ }\bfseries\protect\hyperlink{soln:{\theproblem.\thesubproblem}:\thechapter}{\theproblem.\thesubproblem},ref=\theproblem.\thesubproblem,leftmargin=*]
                \item%
            }%
            {%  no hyperlink
                \begin{enumerate}[label=\llap{$\bigstar$ }\bfseries\theproblem.\thesubproblem,ref=\theproblem.\thesubproblem,leftmargin=*]
                \item%
            }%
        }%
        {% NOT special problem
            \ifthenelse{\boolean{showSolution}}%
            {%  hyperlink to solution
                \hypertarget{prob:{\theproblem.\thesubproblem}:\thechapter}{}%
                \hypersetup{linkcolor=black}%
                \begin{enumerate}[label=\bfseries\protect\hyperlink{soln:{\theproblem.\thesubproblem}:\thechapter}{\theproblem.\thesubproblem},ref=\theproblem.\thesubproblem,leftmargin=*]
                \item%
            }%
            {%  no hyperlink
                \begin{enumerate}[label=\bfseries\theproblem.\thesubproblem,ref=\theproblem.\thesubproblem,leftmargin=*]
                \item%
            }%
        }%
        }{\end{enumerate}}


% definition
\theoremstyle{break}
\theoremsymbol{}
\theoremseparator{}
\theoremprework{\FloatBarrier}
\def\theoremframecommand{%
      \psshadowbox[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow,linecolor=black]}
\newshadedtheorem{pccdefinition}{Definition}%[chapter]
%   END CUSTOM THEOREMS (for examples, problems)

%   BEGIN special PROBLEMS
\newcounter{probSectCounter}
\setcounter{probSectCounter}{-1}
\newcounter{probCounter}
\setcounter{probCounter}{0}%
\newcounter{echo}
\newread\File

% redefine the \section command to increment probSectCounter
% note that this could also be done for \subsection if desired
\let\oldsection\section
\renewcommand\section{%
            \stepcounter{probSectCounter}%
            %\addcontentsline{prb}{heading\theprobSectCounter}%
            \addcontentsline{prb}{}{heading\theprobSectCounter}%
            \oldsection}

\makeatletter

% need a command to bring the \contentsline
% into the problemlist environment
\let\pcc@contentslist\contentsline%
\newenvironment{problemlist}%
{%
    % renew the \contentsline command so that it just gives 
    % the problem number as a hyperlink (and no page number)
    % 
    % if we renewed the command outside of the environment, it would
    % affect \tableofcontents, \minitoc, and perhaps more- bad!
    \let\contentsline\pcc@contentslist%
    \let\Contentsline\contentsline%
    \renewcommand\contentsline[4]{%
    \StrCount{##2}{heading}[\heading]%
    \ifthenelse{\heading>0}%
    {%
        \StrCount{##2}{heading\theprobSectCounter}[\heading]%
        \ifthenelse{\heading>0}%
        {%
            \setcounter{echo}{1}%
            \setcounter{probCounter}{0}%
        }%
        {%
            \setcounter{echo}{0}%
        }%
    }%
    {%
        \ifthenelse{\equal{\theecho}{1}}%
        {%
            \stepcounter{probCounter}%
            \ifthenelse{\equal{\theprobCounter}{1}}%
            {%
                % if we're at the beginning, no comma
                Special problems in this section (\specialsymbol\unskip): \Contentsline{##1}{##2}{}{##4}%
            }%
            {%
                % otherwise put a comma and a space
                \unskip, \Contentsline{##1}{##2}{}{##4}%
            }%
        }%
        {}%
    }%
    }%
}%
{}

\def\listspecialproblems{%
% open the appropriate file do everything in a 
% new environment so that we can renew the 
% \contentsline command locally 
\begin{problemlist}
\par%
\openin\File=\jobname.prb%
\loop\unless\ifeof\File%
\read\File to\fileline%
\fileline%
\repeat%
\closein\File%
\end{problemlist}
}%

% enable the \jobname.prb file
% (hacked from the ntheorem package)
\def\prb@enablelistofproblems{%
\begingroup%
\makeatletter%
\if@filesw%
\expandafter\newwrite\csname tf@prb\endcsname%
\immediate\openout \csname tf@prb\endcsname \jobname.prb\relax%
\fi%
\@nobreakfalse%
\endgroup}%

% enable the \jobname.prb<counter> files at the end
% of the document
\AtEndDocument{\prb@enablelistofproblems}

\makeatother

%   END special PROBLEMS

%   BEGIN TABLE STYLES
\renewcommand{\heavyrulewidth}{0.2em}
\renewcommand{\lightrulewidth}{0.1em}
\renewcommand{\cmidrulewidth}{0.1em}
% horizontal lines
\renewcommand{\aboverulesep}{0cm} 
\renewcommand{\belowrulesep}{0cm} 
\newcommand*\heading[1]{\hfill{#1}\hfill}
\newcommand*\beforeheading{\toprule}
\newcommand*\afterheading{\midrule}
%\newcommand*\normalline{\hline}
\newcommand*\normalline{}
\newcommand*\lastline{\bottomrule}
%   END TABLE STYLES

%   BEGIN CUSTOMIZE SECTIONS
% custom chapter
\titleformat{\chapter}[display]
{\normalfont\Large\filcenter\bf}
{\titlerule[1pt]%
\vspace{1pt}%
\titlerule
\LARGE\MakeUppercase{#1} \psshadowbox{\Huge\thechapter}}
{1pc}
{\titlerule
\Huge}

% write to the solutions files to step the chapter counter
\let\oldchapter\chapter
\renewcommand{\chapter}{\Writetofile{shortsolutions}{\protect\stepcounter{chapter}}%
\oldchapter}

% From the titlesec package
% \titlespacing{command}{left spacing}{before spacing}{after spacing}[right]
% spacing: how to read {12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}
%           12pt is what we would like the spacing to be
%           plus 4pt means that TeX can stretch it by at most 4pt
%           minus 2pt means that TeX can shrink it by at most 2pt
%       This is one example of the concept of, 'glue', in TeX

\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{*4}{-0.1cm}
\titlespacing\section{0pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{-5pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\titlespacing\subsection{0pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{-6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\titlespacing\subsubsection{0pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{-6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}

%   END CUSTOMIZE SECTIONS

%====================================
%   BEGIN DOCUMENT
%====================================
\begin{document}

\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{(\alph{enumi})}

% needed for the mini-tableofcontents
\dominitoc
\faketableofcontents

\fancyhf{} % delete current header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO,RE]{\tiny\leftmark}

\pagestyle{fancy}
\include{polynomialfunctions}

%=======================
%   BEGIN SOLUTIONS
%=======================

% change to one-sided mode
% change the pagestyle to plain
% change the page geometry using \newgeometry
\setboolean{@twoside}{false} 
\pagestyle{plain}
\newgeometry{left=1cm,right=1cm,showframe=true,
    textheight=27cm,
    top=1.5cm,bottom=1.5cm,bindingoffset=1cm}

% close the solutions files
\Closesolutionfile{shortsolutions}

% SHORT solution to problem (show only odd, even, all)
% Note: this renewenvironment needs to go here
%       so that the answers package can still
%       display correctly to the page if needed
\newboolean{oddproblemnumber}
\renewenvironment{shortSoln}[1]{%
    \exploregroups % needed to ignore {}
    % before the environment starts - this is a stretchable space
    \vskip 0.1cm plus 2cm minus 0.1cm%
    \fullexpandarg % need this line so that '.' are counted
    %
    % either problems, or subproblems, e.g: 3.1 or 3.1.4 respectively
    % determine which one by counting the '.'
    \StrCount{#1}{.}[\numberofdecimals]
    %
    % find the problem number by splitting the string
    \ifthenelse{\numberofdecimals=0}%
    {%
        % problems, such as 4, 5, 6, ...
        \def\problemnumber{#1}%
    }%
    {}%
    \ifthenelse{\numberofdecimals=1}%
    {%
        % problems, such as 4.3, 1.2, 10.5
        \StrBefore{#1}{.}[\problemnumber]%
    }%
    {}%
    \ifthenelse{\numberofdecimals=2}%
    {%
        % subproblems such as 1.3.1, 1.2.4, 7.5.6
        \StrBehind{#1}{.}[\newbit]%
        \StrBefore{\newbit}{.}[\problemnumber]%
     }%
    {}%
     %
     % determine if the problem number is odd or even
     % and depending on our choices above, display or not
     \ifthenelse{\isodd{\problemnumber}}%
     {%
         % set a boolean that says the problem number is odd (used later)
         \setboolean{oddproblemnumber}{true}%
         % display or not 
         \ifthenelse{\boolean{showoddsolns}}%
         {%
            % if we want to show the odd problems
            {\bfseries \hypertarget{soln:#1:\thechapter}{}\hyperlink{prob:#1:\thechapter}{#1}.}%
         }%
         {%
            % otherwise don't show them!
            \expandafter\comment%          
         }%
     }%
     {%
         % even numbered problem, set the boolean (used later)
         \setboolean{oddproblemnumber}{false}%
         \ifthenelse{\boolean{showevensolns}}%
         {%
            % if we want to show the even problems
            {\itshape \hypertarget{soln:#1:\thechapter}{}\hyperlink{prob:#1:\thechapter}{#1}.}%
         }%
         {%
            % otherwise don't show them!
            \expandafter\comment%          
         }%
     }%
}%
{%
    % after the environment finishes
    \ifthenelse{\boolean{oddproblemnumber}}%
    {%
        % odd numbered problems 
         \ifthenelse{\boolean{showoddsolns}}%
         {%
            % if we want to show the odd problems
            % then the environment is finished
         }%
         {%
            % otherwise we need to finish the comment
            \expandafter\endcomment%
         }%
    }%
    {%
        % even numbered problems
         \ifthenelse{\boolean{showevensolns}}%
         {%
            % if we want to show the even problems
            % then the environment is finished
         }%
         {%
            % otherwise we need to finish the comment
            \expandafter\endcomment%
         }%
    }%
}


\clearpage

% set solution figure width
\newlength{\solutionfigurewidth}
\setlength{\solutionfigurewidth}{3cm}

% input the SHORT solutions file
\IfFileExists{shortsolutions.tex}{\input{shortsolutions.tex}}{}

%=======================
%   END SOLUTIONS
%=======================

\end{document}