letters_freq <- structure(list(a = c(0.11602, 0.07636, 0.0651, 0.1253, 0.1463, 0.1212, 0.1174, 0.1168, 0.093, 0.08, 0.172, 0.0749), b = c(0.04702, 0.00901, 0.0189, 0.0142, 0.0104, 0.0098, 0.0092, 0.0295, 0.013, 0.013, 0, 0.0158), c = c(0.03511, 0.0326, 0.0306, 0.0468, 0.0388, 0.0078, 0.045, 0.0097, 0.013, 0.038, 0, 0.0124), d = c(0.0267, 0.03669, 0.0508, 0.0586, 0.0499, 0.0304, 0.0373, 0.0487, 0.045, 0.03, 0, 0.0593), e = c(0.02, 0.14715, 0.174, 0.1368, 0.1257, 0.0899, 0.1179, 0.0901, 0.099, 0.069, 0.074, 0.1891), f = c(0.03779, 0.01066, 0.0166, 0.0069, 0.0102, 0.0103, 0.0095, 0.0044, 0.02, 0.001, 0, 0.0081), g = c(0.0195, 0.00866, 0.0301, 0.0101, 0.013, 0.0117, 0.0164, 0.0134, 0.033, 0.01, 0, 0.034), h = c(0.07232, 0.00737, 0.0476, 0.007, 0.0128, 0.0038, 0.0154, 0.0114, 0.021, 0.01, 0, 0.0238), i = c(0.06286, 0.07529, 0.0755, 0.0625, 0.0618, 0.1001, 0.1128, 0.0827, 0.051, 0.07, 0.148, 0.065), j = c(0.00631, 0.00545, 0.0027, 0.0044, 0.004, 0.035, 0, 1e-04, 0.007, 0.019, 0.03, 0.0146), k = c(0.0069, 0.00049, 0.0121, 1e-04, 2e-04, 0.0416, 0, 0.0471, 0.032, 0.027, 0.051, 0.0225), l = c(0.02705, 0.05456, 0.0344, 0.0497, 0.0278, 0.0614, 0.0651, 0.0575, 0.052, 0.031, 0.102, 0.0357), m = c(0.04374, 0.02968, 0.0253, 0.0315, 0.0474, 0.0299, 0.0251, 0.0374, 0.035, 0.024, 0.044, 0.0221), n = c(0.02365, 0.07095, 0.0978, 0.0671, 0.0505, 0.0796, 0.0688, 0.0723, 0.088, 0.047, 0.116, 0.1003), o = c(0.06264, 0.05378, 0.0251, 0.0868, 0.1073, 0.0878, 0.0983, 0.0245, 0.041, 0.071, 0.077, 0.0606), p = c(0.02545, 0.03021, 0.0079, 0.0251, 0.0252, 0.0274, 0.0305, 0.0079, 0.017, 0.024, 0.037, 0.0157), q = c(0.00173, 0.01362, 2e-04, 0.0088, 0.012, 0, 0.0051, 0, 7e-05, 0, 0, 9e-05), r = c(0.01653, 0.06553, 0.07, 0.0687, 0.0653, 0.0591, 0.0637, 0.0695, 0.083, 0.035, 0, 0.0641), s = c(0.07755, 0.07948, 0.0727, 0.0798, 0.0781, 0.0609, 0.0498, 0.0295, 0.063, 0.038, 0.041, 0.0373), t = c(0.16671, 0.07244, 0.0615, 0.0463, 0.0474, 0.0527, 0.0562, 0.0309, 0.087, 0.024, 0.046, 0.0679), u = c(0.01487, 0.06311, 0.0435, 0.0393, 0.0463, 0.0318, 0.0301, 0.0343, 0.018, 0.018, 0.032, 0.0199), v = c(0.00619, 0.01628, 0.0067, 0.009, 0.0167, 0.019, 0.021, 0.0098, 0.024, 0, 0, 0.0285), w = c(0.06661, 0.00114, 0.0189, 2e-04, 1e-04, 0, 0, 0, 3e-04, 0.036, 0.028, 0.0152), x = c(5e-05, 0.00387, 3e-04, 0.0022, 0.0021, 0, 0, 0, 0.001, 0, 0, 4e-04), y = c(0.0162, 0.00308, 4e-04, 0.009, 1e-04, 0, 0, 0.0337, 0.006, 0.032, 0, 0.00035 ), z = c(5e-04, 0.00136, 0.0113, 0.0052, 0.0047, 0.005, 0.0049, 0.015, 2e-04, 0.051, 0, 0.0139)), .Names = c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"), row.names = c("English", "French ", "German ", "Spanish ", "Portuguese ", "Esperanto ", "Italian ", "Turkish ", "Swedish ", "Polish ", "Toki Pona ", "Dutch"), class = "data.frame") cmd <- cmdscale(dist(letters_freq), eig=TRUE, k=2) x <- cmd$points[,1] y <- cmd$points[,2] nm <- row.names(letters_freq) require(plotrix) k <- if(require(RColorBrewer)) rep(brewer.pal(8,"Dark2"), length.out=12) else "black" par(mar=c(0,0,0,0)+1) plot(x, y, col=k, pch=19) thigmophobe.labels(x, y, nm, font=2, col=k)