not(string-length(translate(., $alpha, ''))=string-length()) [contains some characters not on the list] [contains only characters on the list] [contains some characters on the list] [contains only characters not on the list] translate(., translate(., $vAlpha, ''), '') string-length(translate($str, $vAlpha, '')) = 0 The string has non-letters ABcd The string A12B_..c02d has 7 non-letters