Hyco: Btw. the equation of light was so simple your little brother could do it. all you had to do is take Electron = -1.602 19 × 10
-19
C = 9.11 × 10
-31
kg
Proton = 1.602 19 × 10
-19
C = 1.67 × 10
-27
kg
Neutron = 0 C = 1.67 × 10
-27
kg
6.022 × 10
23
atoms in one atomic mass unit
e is the elementary charge: 1.602 19 × 10
-19
C
Potential Energy, velocity of electron: PE = eV = ½mv
2
1V = 1J/C 1N/C = 1V/m 1J = 1 N·m = 1 C·V
1 amp = 6.21 × 10
18
electrons/second = 1 Coulomb/second
1 hp = 0.756 kW 1 N = 1 T·A·m 1 Pa = 1 N/m
2
Power = Joules/second = I
2
R = IV [watts W]
Quadratic
Equation: x
b b ac
a
=
- ± -
2
4
2
Kinetic Energy [J]
KE = mv
1
2
2
[Natural Log: when e
b
= x, ln x = b ]
m: 10
-3
m: 10
-6
n: 10
-9
p: 10
-12
f: 10
-15
a: 10
-18
Addition of Multiple Vectors:
r r r r
R = A + B + C Resultant = Sum of the vectors
r r r r
Rx = Ax + Bx + Cx
x-component A A
x = cos q
r r r r
Ry = Ay + By + Cy
y-component Ay = A sin q
R = Rx + Ry
2 2
Magnitude (length) of R
qR
y
x
R
R
=
-
tan
1
or tanqR
y
x
R
R
= Angle of the resultant
Multiplication of Vectors:
Cross Product or Vector Product:
i ´ j = k j ´ i = -k
i ´ i = 0
Positive direction:
i
j k
Dot Product or Scalar Product:
i × j = 0 i × i = 1
a × b = abcosq
k
i
j
Derivative of Vectors:
Velocity is the derivative of position with respect to time:
v = + + k = i + j + k
d
dt
x y z
dx
dt
dy
dt
dz
dt
( i j )
Acceleration is the derivative of velocity with respect to
time:
a = + + k = i + j + k
d
dt
v v v
dv
dt
dv
dt
dv
dt
x y z
x y z
( i j )
Rectangular Notation: Z = R ± jX where +j represents
inductive reactance and -j represents capacitive reactance.
For example, Z = 8 + j6W means that a resistor of 8W is
in series with an inductive reactance of 6W.
Polar Notation: Z = M Ðq, where M is the magnitude of the
reactance and q is the direction with respect to the
horizontal (pure resistance) axis. For example, a resistor of
4W in series with a capacitor with a reactance of 3W would
be expressed as 5 Ð-36.9° W.
In the desc and divide it by discharging:
q Qe