/// <summary>
/// Interface definition of Either
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="Tl">type of the Left value</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="Tr">type of the Right value</typeparam>
public interface IEither<out Tl, out Tr>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Check the type of the value held and invoke the matching handler function
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="U">the return type of the handler functions</typeparam>
    /// <param name="ofLeft">handler for the Left type</param>
    /// <param name="ofRight">handler for the Right type</param>
    /// <returns>the value returned by the invoked handler function</returns>
    U Case<U>(Func<Tl, U> ofLeft, Func<Tr, U> ofRight);

    /// <summary>
    /// Check the type of the value held and invoke the matching handler function
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="ofLeft">handler for the Left type</param>
    /// <param name="ofRight">handler for the Right type</param>
    void Case(Action<Tl> ofLeft, Action<Tr> ofRight);
}

/// <summary>
/// Static helper class for Either
/// </summary>
public static class Either
{
    private sealed class LeftImpl<Tl, Tr> : IEither<Tl, Tr>
    {
        private readonly Tl value;

        public LeftImpl(Tl value)
        {
            this.value = value;
        }

        public U Case<U>(Func<Tl, U> ofLeft, Func<Tr, U> ofRight)
        {
            if (ofLeft == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("ofLeft");

            return ofLeft(value);
        }

        public void Case(Action<Tl> ofLeft, Action<Tr> ofRight)
        {
            if (ofLeft == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("ofLeft");

            ofLeft(value);
        }
    }

    private sealed class RightImpl<Tl, Tr> : IEither<Tl, Tr>
    {
        private readonly Tr value;

        public RightImpl(Tr value)
        {
            this.value = value;
        }

        public U Case<U>(Func<Tl, U> ofLeft, Func<Tr, U> ofRight)
        {
            if (ofRight == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("ofRight");

            return ofRight(value);
        }

        public void Case(Action<Tl> ofLeft, Action<Tr> ofRight)
        {
            if (ofRight == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("ofRight");

            ofRight(value);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Create an Either with Left value
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="Tl">type of the Left value</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="Tr">type of the Right value</typeparam>
    /// <param name="value">the value to hold</param>
    /// <returns>an Either with the specified Left value</returns>
    public static IEither<Tl, Tr> Left<Tl, Tr>(Tl value)
    {
        return new LeftImpl<Tl, Tr>(value);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Create an Either with Right value
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="Tl">type of the Left value</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="Tr">type of the Right value</typeparam>
    /// <param name="value">the value to hold</param>
    /// <returns>an Either with the specified Right value</returns>
    public static IEither<Tl, Tr> Right<Tl, Tr>(Tr value)
    {
        return new RightImpl<Tl, Tr>(value);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Create an Either with the specified value
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="Tl">type of the Left value</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="Tr">type of the Right value</typeparam>
    /// <param name="value">the value to hold</param>
    /// <returns>an Either with the specified value</returns>
    public static IEither<Tl, Tr> Create<Tl, Tr>(Tl value)
    {
        return new LeftImpl<Tl, Tr>(value);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Create an Either with the specified value
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="Tl">type of the Left value</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="Tr">type of the Right value</typeparam>
    /// <param name="value">the value to hold</param>
    /// <returns>an Either with the specified value</returns>
    public static IEither<Tl, Tr> Create<Tl, Tr>(Tr value)
    {
        return new RightImpl<Tl, Tr>(value);
    }
}