Chest Categories:

Near Crafting Table/Furnace
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Raw & Smelted Ore
Coal, Iron, Gold, Diamonds, Redstone Dust, Emeralds, Nether Quartz, Glowstone Dust, Prismarine

Crafting Materials
Planks, Sticks, Glass, Wool, Bones, Feathers, Leather, Flint, String, Gunpowder, Sugarcane, Paper, Clay, Bricks, Slimeballs, Gold Nuggets

Food & Farming
Raw and cooked Food, Sugar, Wheat, Eggs, Milk, Mushrooms, Bowls, Seeds, Saplings
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Near Cauldron/Brewing Stand/Enchanting Table/Anvil:
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Potions & Enchanting
Potions, Glass Bottles, Books, Blaze Rods/Powder, Ender Pearls, Ghast Tears, Rabbit's Foot, Spider Eyes, Nether Wart, Pufferfish, Magma Cream
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Somewhere easy to access:
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Tools
Torches, Axes, Pickaxes, Shovels, Hoes, Flint and Steel, Fishing Rod, Buckets, Clock, Compass, Map, Shears, Carrot on a Stick, Leads, Saddles, Boats

Weapons & Armor
Swords, Bows, Arrows, Fire Charges, Snowballs, Helmets, Chestplates, Boots, Leggings, Horse Armor
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Storage:
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Natural Blocks:
Dirt, Stone, Gravel, Sand, Wood, Obsidian, Sponge, Netherrack, Netherbrick, Soul Sand, Lily Pads

Crafted Blocks:
Fence, Ladders, Signs, Doors, Lamps, Chests, Slabs, Stairs, Brick, Carpet, Beacons, Jukebox, Crafting Table, Furnace, Bed

Mechanism Blocks:
Buttons, Dispensers, Droppers, Sensors, Hoppers, Levers, Pistons, Plates, Rails, Tripwire, Comparators, Redstone Torches, Minecarts

Dyes
Dyes, Bone Meal, Ink Sac, Lapis Lazuli, Cocoa Beans, Cactus, Flowers

Misc
Flower Pots, Item Frames, Music Discs, Painting, Mob Heads, Nametags, Banners, Fireworks
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