C++ Limits, NaN and overflow

#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <limits>
#include <cfloat>
#include <climits>
#include <typeinfo>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  printf("Different numeric types and it's output:\n");
  printf("int(%%d): %d\n", 42);
  printf("long long int(%%lld): %lld\n", 42LL);
  printf("unsigned int(%%u): %u\n", 42u);

  printf("float(%%f): %f\n", 3.14F);
  printf("double(%%lf): %lf\n", 3.14);
  printf("long double(%%Lf): %Lf\n", 3.14L);

  printf("double(%%lE): %lE //Scientific format\n", 3.14);
  printf("\n\n");

  printf("sizeof() & typeid():\n");
  printf("sizeof(int) = %u\n", sizeof(int));
  int i;
  printf("sizeof(i) = %u\n", sizeof(i));
  printf("typeid(i).name() = %s\n", typeid(i).name());

  printf("typeid(10u + 5).name() = %s\n", typeid(10u + 5).name());

  printf("\n\n");

  printf("cmath demo:\n");
  printf("sqrt(%lf) = %lf\n", 3.0, sqrt(3.0));
  printf("pi = %lf\n", M_PI);
  printf("\n\n");


  printf("Infinity, NaN and overflow:\n");
  printf("+INF = %lf\n", std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
  printf("NaN = %lf\n", std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
  printf("sqrt(-1) = %lf //It's also NaN\n", sqrt(-1.0));
  printf("_isnan(sqrt(-1)) = %d\n", _isnan(sqrt(-1.0)));


  printf("max(double) = %lf\n", std::numeric_limits<double>::max());
  printf("max(double) = %lf\n", DBL_MAX);
  printf("And in scientific format max(double) = %lE\n", DBL_MAX);

  printf("\n");
  printf("max(int) = %d\n", INT_MAX);
  printf("max(int) = %d\n", std::numeric_limits<int>::max());

  printf("\n\n");

  printf("Integral overflow demo:\n");
  printf("max(int) + 1 = %d\n", std::numeric_limits<int>::max() + 1);
  printf("\n");

  printf("Floating point overflow demo:\n");
  printf("max(double) * 2.0 = %lf\n", std::numeric_limits<double>::max() * 2.0);
  printf("\n");

  printf("Lack of precision in f.p. operations:\n");
  printf("max(double) + 1 = %lf\n", std::numeric_limits<double>::max() + 1);

  system("pause");
  return 0;
}

/*Output
Different numeric types and it's output:
int(%d): 42
long long int(%lld): 42
unsigned int(%u): 42
float(%f): 3.140000
double(%lf): 3.140000
long double(%Lf): 3.140000
double(%lE): 3.140000E+000 //Scientific format


sizeof() & typeid():
sizeof(int) = 4
sizeof(i) = 4
typeid(i).name() = int
typeid(10u + 5).name() = unsigned int


cmath demo:
sqrt(3.000000) = 1.732051
pi = 3.141593


Infinity, NaN and overflow:
+INF = 1.#INF00
NaN = 1.#QNAN0
sqrt(-1) = -1.#IND00 //It's also NaN
_isnan(sqrt(-1)) = 1
max(double) = 179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000.000000
max(double) = 179769313486231570000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000.000000
And in scientific format max(double) = 1.797693E+308

max(int) = 2147483647
max(int) = 2147483647


Integral overflow demo:
max(int) + 1 = -2147483648

Floating point overflow demo:
max(double) * 2.0 = 1.#INF00

Lack of precision in f.p. operations:
max(double) + 1 = 17976931348623157000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000.000000
*/