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  1. CODIGO SHIELD LCD + BOTONES (lo encontre en la documentacion)
  2. [code]/*
  3.   Example code for the Freetronics LCD & Keypad Shield:
  4.  
  5.     http://www.freetronics.com/products/lcd-keypad-shield
  6.  
  7.   by Marc Alexander, 7 September 2011
  8.   This example code is in the public domain.
  9.  
  10.   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  11.  
  12.   This program demonstrates button detection, LCD text/number printing,
  13.   and LCD backlight control on the Freetronics LCD & Keypad Shield, connected to an Arduino board.
  14.  
  15.   After powerup, the screen looks like this:
  16.  
  17.        ------------------
  18.        |Freetronics 16x2|
  19.        |Btn:          0 | <- This time value counts up the number of seconds since reset (overflows at 99)
  20.        ------------------
  21.  
  22.   When a button is pressed, a label appears for it:
  23.  
  24.        ------------------
  25.        |Freetronics 16x2|
  26.        |Btn:RIGHT     0 |
  27.        ------------------
  28.        Labels are LEFT, UP, DOWN, RIGHT and SELECT-FLASH.
  29.        SELECT-FLASH makes the LCD backlight flash off and on when held down.
  30.  
  31.   Pins used by LCD & Keypad Shield:
  32.  
  33.     A0: Buttons, analog input from voltage ladder
  34.     D4: LCD bit 4
  35.     D5: LCD bit 5
  36.     D6: LCD bit 6
  37.     D7: LCD bit 7
  38.     D8: LCD RS
  39.     D9: LCD E
  40.     D3: LCD Backlight (high = on, also has pullup high so default is on)
  41.  
  42.   ADC voltages for the 5 buttons on analog input pin A0:
  43.  
  44.     RIGHT:  0.00V :   0 @ 8bit ;   0 @ 10 bit
  45.     UP:     0.71V :  36 @ 8bit ; 145 @ 10 bit
  46.     DOWN:   1.61V :  82 @ 8bit ; 329 @ 10 bit
  47.     LEFT:   2.47V : 126 @ 8bit ; 505 @ 10 bit
  48.     SELECT: 3.62V : 185 @ 8bit ; 741 @ 10 bit
  49. */
  50. /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  51.   Includes
  52. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  53. #include <LiquidCrystal.h>   // include LCD library
  54. /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  55.   Defines
  56. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  57. // Pins in use
  58. #define BUTTON_ADC_PIN           A0  // A0 is the button ADC input
  59. #define LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN         10  // D3 controls LCD backlight
  60. // ADC readings expected for the 5 buttons on the ADC input
  61. #define RIGHT_10BIT_ADC           0  // right
  62. #define UP_10BIT_ADC            145  // up
  63. #define DOWN_10BIT_ADC          329  // down
  64. #define LEFT_10BIT_ADC          505  // left
  65. #define SELECT_10BIT_ADC        741  // right
  66. #define BUTTONHYSTERESIS         10  // hysteresis for valid button sensing window
  67. //return values for ReadButtons()
  68. #define BUTTON_NONE               0  //
  69. #define BUTTON_RIGHT              1  //
  70. #define BUTTON_UP                 2  //
  71. #define BUTTON_DOWN               3  //
  72. #define BUTTON_LEFT               4  //
  73. #define BUTTON_SELECT             5  //
  74. //some example macros with friendly labels for LCD backlight/pin control, tested and can be swapped into the example code as you like
  75. #define LCD_BACKLIGHT_OFF()     digitalWrite( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, LOW )
  76. #define LCD_BACKLIGHT_ON()      digitalWrite( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, HIGH )
  77. #define LCD_BACKLIGHT(state)    { if( state ){digitalWrite( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, HIGH );}else{digitalWrite( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, LOW );} }
  78. /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  79.   Variables
  80. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  81. byte buttonJustPressed  = false;         //this will be true after a ReadButtons() call if triggered
  82. byte buttonJustReleased = false;         //this will be true after a ReadButtons() call if triggered
  83. byte buttonWas          = BUTTON_NONE;   //used by ReadButtons() for detection of button events
  84. /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  85.   Init the LCD library with the LCD pins to be used
  86. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  87. LiquidCrystal lcd( 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7);   //Pins for the freetronics 16x2 LCD shield. LCD: ( RS, E, LCD-D4, LCD-D5, LCD-D6, LCD-D7 )
  88. /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  89.   setup()
  90.   Called by the Arduino framework once, before the main loop begins
  91. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  92. void setup()
  93. {
  94.    //button adc input
  95.    pinMode( BUTTON_ADC_PIN, INPUT );         //ensure A0 is an input
  96.    digitalWrite( BUTTON_ADC_PIN, LOW );      //ensure pullup is off on A0
  97.    //lcd backlight control
  98.    digitalWrite( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, HIGH );  //backlight control pin D3 is high (on)
  99.    pinMode( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT );     //D3 is an output
  100.    //set up the LCD number of columns and rows:
  101.    lcd.begin( 16, 2 );
  102.    //Print some initial text to the LCD.
  103.    lcd.setCursor( 0, 0 );   //top left
  104.    //          1234567890123456
  105.    lcd.print( "Freetronics 16x2" );
  106.    //
  107.    lcd.setCursor( 0, 1 );   //bottom left
  108.    //          1234567890123456
  109.    lcd.print( "Btn:" );
  110. }
  111. /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  112.   loop()
  113.   Arduino main loop
  114. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  115. void loop()
  116. {
  117.    byte button;
  118.    byte timestamp;
  119.   
  120.    //get the latest button pressed, also the buttonJustPressed, buttonJustReleased flags
  121.    button = ReadButtons();
  122.    //blank the demo text line if a new button is pressed or released, ready for a new label to be written
  123.    if( buttonJustPressed || buttonJustReleased )
  124.    {
  125.      lcd.setCursor( 4, 1 );
  126.      lcd.print( "            " );
  127.    }
  128.    //show text label for the button pressed
  129.    switch( button )
  130.    {
  131.       case BUTTON_NONE:
  132.       {
  133.          break;
  134.       }
  135.       case BUTTON_RIGHT:
  136.       {
  137.          lcd.setCursor( 4, 1 );
  138.          lcd.print( "RIGHT" );
  139.          break;
  140.       }
  141.       case BUTTON_UP:
  142.       {
  143.          lcd.setCursor( 4, 1 );
  144.          lcd.print( "UP" );
  145.          break;
  146.       }
  147.       case BUTTON_DOWN:
  148.       {
  149.          lcd.setCursor( 4, 1 );
  150.          lcd.print( "DOWN" );
  151.          break;
  152.       }
  153.       case BUTTON_LEFT:
  154.       {
  155.         lcd.setCursor( 4, 1 );
  156.         lcd.print( "LEFT" );
  157.         break;
  158.      }
  159.      case BUTTON_SELECT:
  160.      {
  161.         lcd.setCursor( 4, 1 );
  162.         lcd.print( "SELECT-FLASH" );  
  163.       
  164.         //SELECT is a special case, it pulses the LCD backlight off and on for demo
  165.         digitalWrite( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, LOW );
  166.         delay( 150 );
  167.         digitalWrite( LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, HIGH );   //leave the backlight on at exit
  168.         delay( 150 );
  169.       
  170.         /* an example of LCD backlight control via macros with nice labels
  171.         LCD_BACKLIGHT_OFF();
  172.         delay( 150 );
  173.         LCD_BACKLIGHT_ON();   //leave the backlight on at exit
  174.         delay( 150 );
  175.         */
  176.       
  177.         /*
  178.         // an example of LCD backlight control via a macro with nice label, called with a value
  179.         LCD_BACKLIGHT(false);
  180.         delay( 150 );
  181.         LCD_BACKLIGHT(true);   //leave the backlight on at exit
  182.         delay( 150 );
  183.         */
  184.       
  185.         break;
  186.       }
  187.       default:
  188.      {
  189.         break;
  190.      }
  191.    }
  192.    // print the number of seconds since reset (two digits only)
  193.    timestamp = ( (millis() / 1000) % 100 );   //"% 100" is the remainder of a divide-by-100, which keeps the value as 0-99 even as the result goes over 100
  194.    lcd.setCursor( 14, 1 );
  195.    if( timestamp <= 9 )
  196.       lcd.print( " " );   //quick trick to right-justify this 2 digit value when it's a single digit
  197.    lcd.print( timestamp, DEC );
  198. /*
  199.    //debug/test display of the adc reading for the button input voltage pin.
  200.    lcd.setCursor(12, 0);
  201.    lcd.print( "    " );          //quick hack to blank over default left-justification from lcd.print()
  202.    lcd.setCursor(12, 0);         //note the value will be flickering/faint on the LCD
  203.    lcd.print( analogRead( BUTTON_ADC_PIN ) );
  204. */
  205.    //clear the buttonJustPressed or buttonJustReleased flags, they've already done their job now.
  206.    if( buttonJustPressed )
  207.       buttonJustPressed = false;
  208.    if( buttonJustReleased )
  209.       buttonJustReleased = false;
  210. }
  211. /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  212.   ReadButtons()
  213.   Detect the button pressed and return the value
  214.   Uses global values buttonWas, buttonJustPressed, buttonJustReleased.
  215. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  216. byte ReadButtons()
  217. {
  218.    unsigned int buttonVoltage;
  219.    byte button = BUTTON_NONE;   // return no button pressed if the below checks don't write to btn
  220.   
  221.    //read the button ADC pin voltage
  222.    buttonVoltage = analogRead( BUTTON_ADC_PIN );
  223.    //sense if the voltage falls within valid voltage windows
  224.    if( buttonVoltage < ( RIGHT_10BIT_ADC + BUTTONHYSTERESIS ) )
  225.    {
  226.       button = BUTTON_RIGHT;
  227.    }
  228.    else if(   buttonVoltage >= ( UP_10BIT_ADC - BUTTONHYSTERESIS )
  229.            && buttonVoltage <= ( UP_10BIT_ADC + BUTTONHYSTERESIS ) )
  230.    {
  231.       button = BUTTON_UP;
  232.    }
  233.    else if(   buttonVoltage >= ( DOWN_10BIT_ADC - BUTTONHYSTERESIS )
  234.            && buttonVoltage <= ( DOWN_10BIT_ADC + BUTTONHYSTERESIS ) )
  235.    {
  236.       button = BUTTON_DOWN;
  237.    }
  238.    else if(   buttonVoltage >= ( LEFT_10BIT_ADC - BUTTONHYSTERESIS )
  239.            && buttonVoltage <= ( LEFT_10BIT_ADC + BUTTONHYSTERESIS ) )
  240.    {
  241.       button = BUTTON_LEFT;
  242.    }
  243.    else if(   buttonVoltage >= ( SELECT_10BIT_ADC - BUTTONHYSTERESIS )
  244.            && buttonVoltage <= ( SELECT_10BIT_ADC + BUTTONHYSTERESIS ) )
  245.    {
  246.       button = BUTTON_SELECT;
  247.    }
  248.    //handle button flags for just pressed and just released events
  249.    if( ( buttonWas == BUTTON_NONE ) && ( button != BUTTON_NONE ) )
  250.    {
  251.       //the button was just pressed, set buttonJustPressed, this can optionally be used to trigger a once-off action for a button press event
  252.       //it's the duty of the receiver to clear these flags if it wants to detect a new button change event
  253.       buttonJustPressed  = true;
  254.       buttonJustReleased = false;
  255.    }
  256.    if( ( buttonWas != BUTTON_NONE ) && ( button == BUTTON_NONE ) )
  257.    {
  258.       buttonJustPressed  = false;
  259.       buttonJustReleased = true;
  260.    }
  261.   
  262.    //save the latest button value, for change event detection next time round
  263.    buttonWas = button;
  264.   
  265.    return( button );
  266. }
  267. [/code]
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