begin{table*}
    centering
    begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|p{2in}|}
    ...
    ...
    end{tabular}
    caption{The factors the camera solver depends on to evaluate the rules.}
    label{table:factors}
end{table*}

documentclass{article}
usepackage[a4paper,vmargin=2cm,hmargin=1cm,showframe]{geometry}
usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
usepackage[table]{xcolor}
usepackage{array}
usepackage{longtable}

parindent=0pt

defcorrection#1{%
    abovedisplayshortskip=#1baselineskiprelaxbelowdisplayshortskip=#1baselineskiprelax%
    abovedisplayskip=#1baselineskiprelaxbelowdisplayskip=#1baselineskiprelax}

arrayrulewidth=1ptrelax
tabcolsep=5ptrelax
arrayrulecolor{red}
fboxsep=tabcolseprelax
fboxrule=arrayrulewidthrelax

newcolumntype{A}[2]{%
    >{minipage{dimexpr#1linewidth-2tabcolsep-#2arrayrulewidthrelax}vspacetabcolsep}%
    c<{vspacetabcolsependminipage}}


newenvironment{Table}[4]{%
    longtable{%
        |A{#1}{1.5}% for figure
        |>{centering$displaystyle}A{#2}{1}<{$}% for inline equation
        |>{correction{-1}strut[}A{#3}{1}<{]strut}% for displayed equation
        |>{centering}A{#4}{1.5}% for text
        |}hlineignorespaces}{%
    endlongtableignorespacesafterend}

newcommand{dummy}{%
    It is practically a big lie that LaTeX
    makes you focus on the content without
    bothering about the layout.}


newcommand{Row}{%
    includegraphics[width=linewidth]{newton}&
    frac{a+b}{a-b}=0&
    int_a^b f(x), textrm{d}x=frac{b-a}{b+a}&
    fcolorbox{cyan}{yellow}{parbox{dimexprlinewidth-2fboxsep-2fboxrulerelax}{dummy}}
    tabularnewlinehline}

begin{document}
begin{Table}{0.25}{0.25}{0.25}{0.25}
Row
Row
end{Table}

defx{centering$displaystyleint_a^bf(x),textrm{d}x=frac{a-b}{a+b}$}

longtable{|A{0.2}{1.5}*2{|A{0.25}{1}}|A{0.3}{1.5}|}hline
x & x & multicolumn{2}{A{0.55}{1.5}|}{x} tabularnewlinehline
multicolumn{2}{|A{0.45}{1.5}|}{x} & x & xtabularnewlinehline
x & multicolumn{2}{A{0.5}{1}|}{x} & xtabularnewlinehline
multicolumn{4}{|A{1}{2}|}{x}tabularnewlinehline
endlongtable
end{document}

arraybackslash

arraybackslash

p

{ offinterlineskip
  deftrule{noalign{hrule}}
  defhcenter#1{hfil#1hfil}
  halign{vrule#&&hcenter{$vcenter{hbox{#}}$}vrulecrtrule
    &Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet&XeTeXpicfile "test-pattern.jpg" &
      TeX&$E=mc^2$&$displaystyle{a^2-b^2over c^2}$crtrule
    &Etiam quam lacus&vrule width 4em height 5ex depth 2ex&eTeX &
      $Ene mc^2$&{it &} ceteracrtrule}
}
bye