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Defining a fallback view in traversal
from pyramid.config import Configurator

class Foo(dict):
    pass

def make_root(request):
    return {'foo': Foo()}

def foo(request):
    return request.subpath

def bar(request):
    return {"whoami": "bar", "subpath": request.subpath}

def start(global_config, **settings):
    config = Configurator(settings=settings)
    config.set_root_factory(make_root)
    config.add_view(foo, context=Foo, renderer="json")
    config.add_view(bar, name="bar", context=Foo, renderer="json")
    return config.make_wsgi_app()

config.add_view(any_other, name="*default*", context=Foo, ...)

@notfound_view_config(containment=Foo)
def notfound(request):
    return HTTPNotFound('no views for Foo detected for view %s' % request.view_name)

config.add_view(any_other, name="", context=Foo, ...)

from pyramid.view import notfound_view_config

@notfound_view_config()
def notfound(request):
    return Response('Not Found, dude', status='404 Not Found')

def main(globals, **settings):
   config = Configurator()
   config.scan()