How did the Federalist Papers try to assure Americans about the new federal government created under the Constitution?
Madison argued that the diversity of the United States would prevent any single group from getting too powerful.


What is the Bill of Rights?
The Bill of Rights was 10 proposed amendments intended to protect the citizen’s rights.


Why do you think that the Constitution insists on dividing state representatives into a bicameral, or two parts, Congress?
The agreement to create a two-house legislature came to satisfy both large state’s and small states.


How did the delegates resolve the debate over how slaves should factor into representation in government?
Under the three-fifth compromise, only three fifths of a state’s population is counted when determining population.


What was the objective of the English Bill of Rights?
The objective of the English Bill of Rights declared the supremacy of the Parliament.


How would the opinions of delegates to the Second Continental Congress be best characterized?
Some of the Second Continental Congress delegates wanted peace, while others wanted war. They all showed dissatisfaction with Great Britain.


Which group felt the colonies did not need independence?
The Loyalists felt that the colonies did not need independence.


What is the reason that Spain became an ally to the Patriots?
Spain became an ally of the Patriots since they did not want Britain to have too much territory in the Americas.


Who became president as a result of the election of 1824?
John Quincy Adams won the election of 1824.


How did the decision in the McColloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden cases strengthen the feelings of national unity in the United States?


McColloch v. Maryland gave the government the permission to create a national bank. Gibbons v. Ogden said the states could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.


What issue most influenced Americans’ political thinking during Andrew Jackson’s presidency?
During Andrew Jackson’s presidency, more people were granted the right to vote, and they all voted for their own interests.


Lewis and Clark failed in their expedition in that they did not find a river route west to the Pacific Ocean.


The first political party division in the United States was between the Democratic Republics and the Federalists.


The Embargo Act failed because Spain and France were barely affected by the Embargo Act, while the American economy greatly suffered.


In 1848, Spanish historian Fernandez de Oviedo wrote, “there are not now believed to be at the present time… five hundred people left.” What was his writing about?
He was writing about how fast the Native Americans are dying from all sorts of different European diseases.


Why did the Spaniards start bringing enslaved Africans to New Spain in 1501?
Spaniard began bringing slaves to work on the plantations in the Caribbean or in the mines of Peru and Mexico. Many also worked in the British and French colonies in the Caribbean and Latin America.


How did trade support the economy of the middle colonies?
Merchants in Philadelphia and New York City exported goods to markets in Britain and the West Indies, including wheat from New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.


The Columbian Exchange affected American Indian agriculture by getting American Indians items such as horses, cattle, and pigs.


Why did James Madison promise to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution?
James Madison added a Bill of Rights to ensure everyone’s rights and the government wouldn’t have too much power.


The Fifth Amendment protects anyone found not guilty in a criminal trial from being tried again in the same crime. What is the name of this protection?
The protection was called double jeopardy.


Alexander Hamilton stood for a flexible reading of the Constitution, but Thomas Jefferson stood for strict construction.


Andrew Jackson’s stance on federal powerful was not consistent, as evidenced by what?
After the Supreme Court ruled against moving the Native Americans, Andrew Jackson decided to ignore their ruling, and didn’t do anything when Georgia started moving Native Americans to their settlements.


Who benefitted the most from Andrew Jackson’s plan to remove American Indians to the west?
The people in Georgia benefitted the most since they wanted land for their own farmers and settlers.