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    Title={Homework No. 7 -- Dyirbal},
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        author = {Thomas E. Payne},
        title = {Describing Morphosyntax},
        subtitle = {A Guide for Field Linguists},
        publisher = {Cambridge UP},
        location = {Cambridge},
        year = {1997},
        pages = {133--135, 149--156},
    }
    @book{pereltsvaig2012,
        author = {Asya Pereltsvaig},
        title = {Languages of the World},
        subtitle = {An Introduction},
        publisher = {Cambridge UP},
        location = {Cambridge},
        year = {2012},
        pages = {177--182},
    }
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\begin{document}

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\begin{flushleft}
*** \\
Prof. Dr. *** \\
VL Sprachen der Welt \\
\today
\end{flushleft}

\begin{mytitle}
Homework No. 7 -- Dyirbal
\end{mytitle}

\section{Preliminary Considerations}

According to the chapter on Australian languages in \citeauthor{pereltsvaig2012}'s \citetitle{pereltsvaig2012}, Dyirbal exhibits a split-ergative syntactic alignment where first- and second-person pronouns are aligned as nominative-accusative while third-person referents are aligned as ergative-absolutive \autocites[155--156]{payne1997}[179]{pereltsvaig2012}. This preknowledge has been applied in the glossing below, as it might help in figuring out who did what to whom. \citeauthor{pereltsvaig2012} also mentions that \textquote{despite the nominative-accusative case marking on pronouns, there is evidence that Dyirbal pronouns, like Dyirbal nouns, follow an underlying ergative pattern}, however \autocite[180]{pereltsvaig2012}. Taking the glossing in example 9.16~b in \citeauthor{pereltsvaig2012} into account, the verb in example 3 and 4 below should also show antipassive marking, yet the verb form is given as \fw{baniɲu} \q{is coming} for all examples 1--4, which is somewhat confusing given the quoted information \autocite[182]{pereltsvaig2012}.

\section{Glossing the Data}

\begin{multicols}{2}
%\begin{multicols*}{2}

\ex %1
    \begingl
        \gla ŋada baniɲu //
        \glb {I (\Sarg{}/\Aarg{})} be.coming //
        \glc \Fsg{}.\Nom{} be.coming //
        \glft \qq{I am coming.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\ex %2
    \begingl
        \gla ŋinda baniɲu //
        \glb {you (\Sarg{}/\Aarg{})} be.coming //
        \glc \Ssg{}.\Nom{} be.coming //
        \glft \qq{You are coming.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\ex %3
    \begingl
        \gla {balan dugumbil} baniɲu //
        \glb {the woman (\Sarg{}/\Aarg{})} be.coming //
        \glc {the woman.\Abs{}} be.coming //
        \glft \qq{The woman is coming.} //
    \endgl
\xe

%\vfill
%\columnbreak

\ex %4
    \begingl
        \gla {bayi yara} baniɲu //
        \glb {the man (\Sarg{}/\Aarg{})} be.coming //
        \glc {the man.\Abs{}} be.coming //
        \glft \qq{The man is coming.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\ex %5
    \begingl
        \gla ŋada ŋinu-na balgan //
        \glb {I (\Aarg{})} {you (\Parg{})} be.hitting //
        \glc \Fsg{}.\Nom{} \Ssg{}-\Acc{} be.hitting //
        \glft \qq{I'm hitting you.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\ex %6
    \begingl
        \gla ŋinda ŋaygu-na balgan //
        \glb {you (\Aarg{})} {me (\Parg{})} be.hitting //
        \glc \Ssg{}.\Nom{} \Fsg{}-\Acc{} be.hitting //
        \glft \qq{You're hitting me.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\vfill

%\end{multicols*}
\end{multicols}

\ex %7
    \begingl
        \gla {balan dugumbil} {baŋgul yara-ŋgu} balgan //
        \glb {the woman (\Parg{})} {the man (\Aarg{})} be.hitting //
        \glc {the woman.\Abs{}} {the man-\Erg{}} be.hitting //
        \glft \qq{The man is hitting the woman.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\ex %8
    \begingl
        \gla {bayi yara} {baŋgun dugumbiru} balgan //
        \glb {the man (\Parg{})} {the woman (\Aarg{})} be.hitting //
        \glc {the man.\Abs{}} {the woman.\Erg{}} be.hitting //
        \glft \qq{The woman is hitting the man.} //
    \endgl
\xe

%\end{multicols}

%\newpage

\section{Filling in the Blanks}

\begin{multicols}{2}

\ex %9
    \begingl
        \gla ŋaygu-na {baŋgul yara-ŋgu} balgan //
        \glc \Fsg{}-\Acc{} {the man-\Erg{}} be.hitting //
        \glft \qq{The man is hitting me.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\ex \deftagex{ex:10} %10
    \begingl
        \gla {balan dugumbil} balgan //
        \glc {the woman.\Abs{}} be.hitting //
        \glft \qq{The woman is being hit} \\ or \qq{The woman is hitting}? //
    \endgl
\xe

\columnbreak

\ex %11
    \begingl
        \gla {ŋada} {bayi yara} balgan //
        \glc \Fsg{}.\Nom{} {the man.\Abs{}} be.hitting //
        \glft {I am hitting the man.} //
    \endgl
\xe

\end{multicols}

As stated initially, I assume that \fw{baniɲu} \q{is coming} shows antipassive voice marking and therefore exhibits a different shape than the other verbs in \citeauthor{pereltsvaig2012}'s examples, which all follow the pattern \textsc{stem}~+~\emph{n}~\qq{\mor{NFUT}} when unmarked. Since \fw{balgan} also follows this pattern and antipassive marking does not make sense in the other examples (of transitive sentences) given as data, I further suppose that \qq{the woman} in example \getref{ex:10} is a patient rather than an agent. Since \fw{balan dugumbil} is also the form used in other contexts where this noun phrase is the patient of the action expressed by the verb and thus ought to be in the absolutive case, the correct reading of example \getref{ex:10} should be \qq{The woman is being hit}.

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